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Molecular cloning and characterization of Coccidioides immitis antigen 2 cDNA. Infect Immun (1996)

by Y Zhu, C Yang, Magee DM, Cox RA
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A vaccine against coccidioidomycosis is justified and attainable

by G T Cole , J.-M Xue , C N Okeke , E J Tarcha , V Basrur , R A Schaller , R A Herr , J.-J Yu , C.-Y Hung , 2004
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...e response. The majority of protective antigens that have been characterized to date are products of the parasitic phase of the fungus [103]. The most promising of these include two defined, cell wall-associated antigens [56,190]. Early studies have revealed that immunoprotective components of the spherule wall could be isolated by alkali treatment [206], or toluene extraction followed by deglycosylation with hydrogen fluoride [207]. The Cox laboratory cloned a protein that was present in the alkali-soluble, water-soluble preparation of the spherule wall, and referred to it as antigen 2 (Ag2) [208,209]. This nomenclature was based on a reference system which relies on two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic separation of crude preparations of saprobic and parasitic phase antigens designated coccidioidin and spherulin [210]. The AG2 gene was reported to encode a proline-rich protein with a predicted molecular mass of 19.4 kDa. The deduced protein sequence contains 10 repeats (TXX’P), predicted signal peptide and Cterminal GPI anchor, 8 cysteine residues, and 24 potential O -glycosylation sites. Simultaneous investigations of vaccine candidates in the Galgiani laboratory identified a protective...

Evaluation of the Proline-Rich Antigen of Coccidioides immitis as a Vaccine Candidate in Mice

by Theo N. Kirkl, Fred Finley, Kris I. Orsborn, John N, Updated Information, Theo N. Kirkland, Fred Finley, Kris I. Orsborn, John N. Galgiani , 1998
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...positive people (6, 11). A recombinant PRA fusion protein has been shown to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity in immunized mice and is also recognized by sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis =-=(29)-=-. PRA has a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment site (28). If the protein is in fact glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked, it should be extracellular and particularly accessible to the ho...

PCR assays for identification of Coccidioides posadasii based on the nucleotide sequence of the antigen 2/proline-rich

by Ralf Bialek, Jan Kern, Tanja Herrmann, O Tijerina, Luis Ceceñas, Udo Reischl, Gloria M. González, J. Clin Microbiol, Ralf Bialek, Jan Kern, Tanja Herrmann, O Tijerina, Luis Ceceñas, Udo Reischl, Gloria M. González , 2004
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...A from Chrysosporium parvum and Candida spp. was amplified by these PCRs. Another target would have been the complement fixation antigen of C. immitis, known to be specific and immunoreactive as well =-=(27)-=-. We did not use its coding gene for a diagnostic PCR because the antigen was identified as a chitinase with high homology to enzymes of other fungi. In addition, it was shown that antibodies from pat...

The structure of an allosamidin complex with the Coccidioides immitis chitinase defines a role for a second acid residue in substrate-assisted mechanism

by Kara Bortone, Arthur F. Monzingo, Stephen Ernst, Jon D. Robertus - J. Mol. Biol , 2002
"... Allosamidin is a known inhibitor of class 18 chitinases. We show that allosamidin is a competitive inhibitor of the fungal chitinase CiX1 from Coccidioides immitis, with a Ki of 60 nM. We report the X-ray structure of the complex and show that upon inhibitor binding the side-chain of Asp169 rotates ..."
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Allosamidin is a known inhibitor of class 18 chitinases. We show that allosamidin is a competitive inhibitor of the fungal chitinase CiX1 from Coccidioides immitis, with a Ki of 60 nM. We report the X-ray structure of the complex and show that upon inhibitor binding the side-chain of Asp169 rotates to form an ion pair with the oxazolinium cation. The mechanism of action is thought to involve protonation of the leaving group by Glu171 and substrate assistance by the sugar acetamido moiety to form an oxazoline-like intermediate. We converted both amino acid residues to the corresponding amide and found that each mutation effec-tively abolishes enzyme activity. X-ray structures show the mutant enzymes retain the basic wild-type structure and that the loss of mutant activity is due to their altered chemical properties. The high affinity of allosamidin, and its similarity to the putative reaction intermediate, suggests it is a transition state analog. This helps validate our contention that the role of Asp169 is to electrostatically stabilize the reaction transition state.

Forecast Alert

by Keng Tee, Guihua Chen, Ling Lu, Wangxia Tong, Lin Gu, Chunhua Li, Teng Lu - IT Spending, Worldwide, 2008-2015, 4Q11 Update. 2012 http://www.gartner.com: http://www.gartner.com/it/content/1870000/1870018/january_10_it_spending_forecast_4q11_update_rgordon.p df?userId=57517080 , 2011
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Mapping of a Coccidioides immitis-specific epitope that reacts with complement-fixing antibody. Infect. Immun

by Mitch Magee, See Profile, Michael C. Yang, D. Mitchell Magee, Rebecca, A. Cox , 1997
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epitope that reacts with complement-fixing antibody.
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...ogenesis of C. immitis. Using a goat polyclonal anti-CF serum and a murine IgG1 anti-CF monoclonal antibody to screen fusion peptides produced by a spherule-derived cDNA-lambda ZAP expression library =-=(31)-=-, we cloned the CF/chitinase antigen and showed that the 47-kDa recombinant protein yielded a line of identity with the reference coccidioidal IDCF antigen and was active as a chitinase. Subsequent to...

Recombinant Antigen 2 and Antigen 2 cDNA

by Chengyong Jiang, D. Mitchell Magee, Teresa N. Quitugua, Rebecca A. Cox, Chengyong Jiang, D. Mitchell Magee, Teresa N. Quitugua, Rebecca, A. Cox , 1998
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...cipitin antibody to C. immitis (11, 12). Since we were unable to purify Ag2 from the polysaccharide antigen, we cloned the cDNA that encodes Ag2 from a spherule-derived cDNA lambda expression library =-=(48)-=-. The recombinant Ag2 protein was shown to elicit delayed-type footpad hypersensitivity responses in mice immunized with killed spherules and to detect IgG antibody in sera from coccidioidomycosis pat...

REVIEW Glycosidase inhibitors: update and perspectives on practical use

by Naoki Asano , 2003
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inhibitors
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... 60% of infections resolve without ever causing symptoms and are only recognized by a positive coccidioidin skin test. The major antigen for antibodies used in this test is C. immitis chitinase CiX1 (=-=Yang et al., 1996-=-). In the remaining 40% of patients symptoms range from mild cold-like or flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. Anti-fungal agents such as amphotericin B and triazole compounds are available for trea...

Copyright © 2000 The Protein Society The X-ray structure of a chitinase from the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis

by Thomas Hollis, Arthur F. Monzingo, Kara Bortone, Stephen Ernst, Rebecca Cox, Jon D. Robertus , 1999
"... The X-ray structure of chitinase from the fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis has been solved to 2.2 Å resolution. Like other members of the class 18 hydrolase family, this 427 residue protein is an eight-stranded b0a-barrel. Although lacking an N-terminal chitin anchoring domain, the enzyme closel ..."
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The X-ray structure of chitinase from the fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis has been solved to 2.2 Å resolution. Like other members of the class 18 hydrolase family, this 427 residue protein is an eight-stranded b0a-barrel. Although lacking an N-terminal chitin anchoring domain, the enzyme closely resembles the chitinase from Serratia marcescens. Among the conserved features are three cis peptide bonds, all involving conserved active site residues. The active site
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...1 and CTS2 ~Pishko et al., 1995!. Cloning of the gene for the principle Coccidioides complement fixing antigen revealed it to be identical with CTS1, and it was described as the CF0chitinase protein ~=-=Yang et al., 1996-=-!. For this paper, we will refer to the Coccidioides immitis chitinase-1 molecule as CiX1. CiX1 is a 427 residue protein that is found both in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface—consisten...

Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology Prospects for the Development of Fungal Vaccines

by G S Deepe, Clin Microbiol Rev, George S. Deepe
"... for the development of fungal vaccines. ..."
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for the development of fungal vaccines.
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...ceivable that the 33-kDa protein can mediate protection. Additional immunogens from C. immitis have been cloned and sequenced. These include antigen 2 (113) and the complement fixation/chitinase gene =-=(84, 108, 114)-=-. Although these are antigenic, their influence on host resistance remains to be determined. C. neoformans There has been much progress in the development of a vaccine for C. neoformans infection. The...

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