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36
A recombinant hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase capable of copying the full-length viral RNA
- J
, 1999
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Cited by 64 (2 self)
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These include: This article cites 48 articles, 32 of which can be accessed free at:
The genome organization of the Nidovirales: similarities and differences between arteri-, toro-, and coronaviruses
- Semin Virol
, 1997
"... Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organizatio ..."
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Cited by 49 (11 self)
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Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organization and expression of their genomes, and sequence conservation among the polymerase polyproteins strongly suggests that they have a common ancestry. On this basis, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently established a new order, Nidovirales, to contain the two families. Here, the common traits and distinguishing features of the Nidovirales are reviewed. r 1997 Academic Press KEY WORDS: arterivirus; coronavirus; torovirus; polyprotein processing; RNA recombination.
Establishment of B-cell lymphoma cell lines persistently infected with hepatitis C virus in vivo and in vitro: the apoptotic effects of virus infection
- J
, 2003
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Regulation of coronavirus mRNA transcription
- J
, 1995
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Cited by 25 (5 self)
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A phylogenetically conserved hairpin-type 39 untranslated region pseudoknot functions in coronavirus RNA replication
- J Virol
, 1999
"... This article cites 67 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free ..."
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Cited by 12 (0 self)
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This article cites 67 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free
Secondary structural elements within the 3 untranslated region of mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM genomic RNA
- J
, 2001
"... This article cites 35 articles, 18 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 12 (3 self)
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This article cites 35 articles, 18 of which can be accessed free at:
A bulged stem-loop structure in the 39 untranslated region of the genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is essential for replication
- J Virol
, 1997
"... The 3 * untranslated region (UTR) of the positive-sense RNA genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) contains sequences that are necessary for the synthesis of negative-strand viral RNA as well as sequences that may be crucial for both genomic and subgenomic positive-strand RNA synthesi ..."
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Cited by 9 (2 self)
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The 3 * untranslated region (UTR) of the positive-sense RNA genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) contains sequences that are necessary for the synthesis of negative-strand viral RNA as well as sequences that may be crucial for both genomic and subgenomic positive-strand RNA synthesis. We have found that the entire 3 * UTR of MHV could be replaced by the 3 * UTR of bovine coronavirus (BCV), which diverges overall by 31 % in nucleotide sequence. This exchange between two viruses that are separated by a species barrier was carried out by targeted RNA recombination. Our results define regions of the two 3 * UTRs that are functionally equivalent despite having substantial sequence substitutions, deletions, or insertions with respect to each other. More significantly, our attempts to generate an unallowed substitution of a particular portion of the BCV 3 * UTR for the corresponding region of the MHV 3 * UTR led to the discovery of a bulged stem-loop RNA secondary structure, adjacent to the stop codon of the nucleocapsid gene, that is essential for MHV viral RNA replication. Coronaviruses are a family of single-stranded, positive-po-larity RNA viruses having genomes of 26 to 31 kb that are the largest known replicating RNA molecules (36). Upon infec-tion, coronavirus genomic RNA serves as the message for
Utilizing fowlpox virus recombinants to generate defective RNAs of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus
, 2000
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A Hypervariable Region within the 3 � cis-Acting Element of the Murine Coronavirus Genome Is Nonessential for RNA Synthesis but Affects Pathogenesis �
, 2006
"... These include: This article cites 59 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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These include: This article cites 59 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free at:
X: The leader RNA of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus contains an enhancer-like element for subgenomic mRNA transcription
- J Virol
"... While the 5 * cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for genomic RNA replication has been determined in several defective interfering (DI) RNA systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic RNA tran-scription. Previous studies have shown that the leader RNA in the DI genome significantly enh ..."
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While the 5 * cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for genomic RNA replication has been determined in several defective interfering (DI) RNA systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic RNA tran-scription. Previous studies have shown that the leader RNA in the DI genome significantly enhances the efficiency of DI subgenomic mRNA transcription, indicating that the leader RNA is a cis-acting sequence for mRNA transcription. To further characterize the cis-acting sequence, we made a series of deletion mutants, all but one of which have an additional deletion of the cis-acting signal for replication in the 5 * untranslated region. This deletion effectively eliminated the replication of the DI-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-reporter, as demonstrated by the sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The ability of these replication-minus mutants to transcribe subgenomic mRNAs was then assessed using the DI RNA-CAT reporter system. Results from both CAT activity and mRNA transcripts detected by RT-PCR showed that a 5*-proximal sequence of 35 nucleotides (nt) at nt 25 to 59 is a cis-acting sequence required for subgenomic RNA tran-scription, while the consensus repeat sequence of the leader RNA does not have such effect. Analyses of the secondary structure indicate that this 35-nt sequence forms two stem-loops conserved among MHVs. Deletion of this sequence abrogated transcriptional activity and disrupted the predicted stem-loops and overall RNA secondary structure at the 5 * untranslated region, suggesting that the secondary structure formed by this 35-nt
