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Design of Embedded Systems: Formal Models, Validation, and Synthesis
- PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
, 1999
"... This paper addresses the design of reactive real-time embedded systems. Such systems are often heterogeneous in implementation technologies and design styles, for example by combining hardware ASICs with embedded software. The concurrent design process for such embedded systems involves solving the ..."
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Cited by 127 (9 self)
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This paper addresses the design of reactive real-time embedded systems. Such systems are often heterogeneous in implementation technologies and design styles, for example by combining hardware ASICs with embedded software. The concurrent design process for such embedded systems involves solving the specification, validation, and synthesis problems. We review the variety of approaches to these problems that have been taken.
Hardware, Software and Mechanical Cosimulation for Automotive Applications
- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING
, 1998
"... The design of automotive systems requires the joint design of hardware, software and micro-mechanical components. In traditional design approaches the different parts are designed by separate groups and the integration of the overall system is made at the final stage. This scheme may induce extra de ..."
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Cited by 12 (0 self)
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The design of automotive systems requires the joint design of hardware, software and micro-mechanical components. In traditional design approaches the different parts are designed by separate groups and the integration of the overall system is made at the final stage. This scheme may induce extra delays and costs because of interfacing problems. This paper presents a new automotive system design approach that offers many advantages including efficient design flow and shorter time to market. The key idea of our approach is to allow for early validation of the overall system through co-simulation. The design starts with a high level specification of each part. In our approach software is described in C, hardware is described in VHDL and mechanical parts are described in MATLAB. A C-VHDLMATLAB co-simulation is then used for functional validation of the initial specification. During the design process, the hardware and software parts may be refined using specific techniques and tools. The refinement steps are also validated through co-simulation. In this approach we use two kind of co-simulations: untimed co-simulation is used for functional validation and timed co-simulation for realtime validation. This paper describe the design approach and its successful application to an example from an automotive industry.
Specification and Design of Embedded Software/Hardware Systems
- IEEE Design & Test of Computers
, 1995
"... System specification and design consists of describing a system's desired functionality, and of mapping that functionality for implementation on a set of system components, such as processors, ASIC's, memories, and buses. In this article, we describe the key problems of system specificatio ..."
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Cited by 10 (0 self)
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System specification and design consists of describing a system's desired functionality, and of mapping that functionality for implementation on a set of system components, such as processors, ASIC's, memories, and buses. In this article, we describe the key problems of system specification and design, including specification capture, design exploration, hierarchical modeling, software and hardware synthesis, and cosimulation. We highlight existing tools and methods for solving those problems, and we discuss issues that remain to be solved. 1 Introduction Embedded systems have become commonplace in recent years. Examples include automobile cruise-control, fuel-injection systems, aircraft autopilots, telecommunication products, interactive television processors, network switches, video focusing units, robot controllers, and numerous medical devices. While there is no widespread agreement of what defines an embedded system, we note that such systems possess a few key characteristics. Th...
Synchronization Overhead Reduction in Timed Cosimulation
- Proc. of Int. High Level Design Validation. 6th International Workshop on Hardware/Software Co-Design, CODES/CASHE98
"... In this paper, we present two approaches to improving the performance of single-processor timed cosimulation. One of the approaches is optimistic timed cosimulation and the other is non-IPC (interprocess communication) timed cosimulation. The optimistic timed cosimulation algorithm optimistically es ..."
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Cited by 8 (3 self)
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In this paper, we present two approaches to improving the performance of single-processor timed cosimulation. One of the approaches is optimistic timed cosimulation and the other is non-IPC (interprocess communication) timed cosimulation. The optimistic timed cosimulation algorithm optimistically estimates the time for synchronization between HW simulator and SW simulator and runs simulation through that time point. Because of optimistic estimation, it is possible for a simulator to run beyond the actual synchronization time point. In this case, it rolls back and re-executes the simulation. The proposed optimistic cosimulation algorithm minimizes the frequency of simulator synchronization at a negligible simulation time overhead due to rollback and re-execution. In non-IPC timed cosimulation, since IPC-based synchronization between HW simulator and SW simulator is not required, the synchronization overhead due to IPC is almost eliminated. Experimental results show the efficiency of the...
Evaluation of Trade-Offs in the Design of Embedded Systems Via Co-Simulation
, 1996
"... Current design methodologies for embedded systems often force the designer to evaluate early in the design process architectural choices that will heavily impact the cost and performance of the final product. Examples of these choices are hardware/software partitioning, choice of the micro-controlle ..."
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Cited by 3 (1 self)
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Current design methodologies for embedded systems often force the designer to evaluate early in the design process architectural choices that will heavily impact the cost and performance of the final product. Examples of these choices are hardware/software partitioning, choice of the micro-controller, and choice of a run-time scheduling method. This paper describes how to help the designer in this task, by providing a flexible co-simulation environment in which these alternatives can be interactively evaluated. Our approach is based on the Ptolemy co-simulation framework, but it uses a different modeling paradigm, well suited for control-dominated reactive systems (asynchronous extended Finite State Machines called CFSMs). We build on previous research on software synthesis and cost estimation to provide the designer with fast but reasonably accurate performance data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by showing the result of the trade-off analysis on a dashboard control...
Observability Analysis of Embedded Software for Coverage-Directed Validation
- In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Aided Design
, 2000
"... Syntax Tree (AST) of a C program. The AST can then be manipulated in several ways such as adding or deleting nodes in it. Finally, after changing the AST, the c2c tool produces the C program for that new AST. In our case, the modifications made are, for each statement, adding one of several function ..."
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Cited by 2 (1 self)
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Syntax Tree (AST) of a C program. The AST can then be manipulated in several ways such as adding or deleting nodes in it. Finally, after changing the AST, the c2c tool produces the C program for that new AST. In our case, the modifications made are, for each statement, adding one of several functions to the code. In the case of an assignment, a control function is added after the assignment. When we have a call to a function that will send something to the output, an observe function is added.
A Case Study in Computer-Aided Codesign of Embedded Controllers
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CODESIGN
, 1994
"... With our codesign system, POLIS, we have specified and implemented a real-life design: a shock absorber controller. Through this experiment, we have shown the possibility of using such a system to design complex applications and to speed up the design cycle dramatically. All aspects of the design pr ..."
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Cited by 1 (1 self)
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With our codesign system, POLIS, we have specified and implemented a real-life design: a shock absorber controller. Through this experiment, we have shown the possibility of using such a system to design complex applications and to speed up the design cycle dramatically. All aspects of the design process are closely scrutinized including high level language translation and automatic hardware and software synthesis. We analyze different software implementation styles and draw some conclusions about our design process.
Earlier Integration Solutions for Embedded Systems
"... Abstract:- This paper addresses the verification of mixed hardware/software systems using co-simulation techniques. It studies the main issues of co-verification such as processor modeling, performance optimization and hardwaresoftware synchronization. Then it reviews a set of co-simulation techniqu ..."
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Abstract:- This paper addresses the verification of mixed hardware/software systems using co-simulation techniques. It studies the main issues of co-verification such as processor modeling, performance optimization and hardwaresoftware synchronization. Then it reviews a set of co-simulation techniques that respond to a wide range of verification needs. For each technique we present an in depth analysis of its advantages and its hidden restrictions. Key-Words:- VLSI, debugging, co-design, co-simulation, co-verification, ASIC. 1
An Analysis of Hardware/Software Co-Design Architectures Using SAAM
"... . This paper presents a brief analysis of some approaches in the field of Hardware/Software (HW/SW) Co-Design. The main efforts in the design of these systems are focused on the HW/SW partitioning process, and little work is devoted to providing a modern system development environment in this fi ..."
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. This paper presents a brief analysis of some approaches in the field of Hardware/Software (HW/SW) Co-Design. The main efforts in the design of these systems are focused on the HW/SW partitioning process, and little work is devoted to providing a modern system development environment in this field. In the design process, some changes to the architectures of the systems are needed to adopt these enhancements. In order to investigate and evaluate different architectures in this regard, i.e. non-functional qualities, an analysis method is required. SAAM, originally devised for the analysis of software architectures, is utilized to compare and evaluate three co-design systems, based on different task-scenarios and functional decompositions. Keywords. Software Architecture; Software Architecture Analysis Method; Hardware/Software Co-Design; Candidate Architectures; Applications of Scenarios; Evaluation of different Architectures. 1 Introduction Hardware/software co-design add...