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35
Virus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic processing in the Nidovirales
- J. Gen. Virol
, 2000
"... On the basis of similarities in their genome organization and replication strategy, RNA viruses can now be classified into ‘supergroups ’ that often include both animal and plant ..."
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Cited by 105 (29 self)
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On the basis of similarities in their genome organization and replication strategy, RNA viruses can now be classified into ‘supergroups ’ that often include both animal and plant
The genome organization of the Nidovirales: similarities and differences between arteri-, toro-, and coronaviruses
- Semin Virol
, 1997
"... Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organizatio ..."
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Cited by 49 (11 self)
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Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organization and expression of their genomes, and sequence conservation among the polymerase polyproteins strongly suggests that they have a common ancestry. On this basis, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently established a new order, Nidovirales, to contain the two families. Here, the common traits and distinguishing features of the Nidovirales are reviewed. r 1997 Academic Press KEY WORDS: arterivirus; coronavirus; torovirus; polyprotein processing; RNA recombination.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: divergent evolution on two continents
- J
, 1999
"... This article cites 64 articles, 31 of which can be accessed free ..."
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Cited by 47 (7 self)
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This article cites 64 articles, 31 of which can be accessed free
Alternative proteolytic processing of the arterivirus replicase ORF1a polyprotein : evidence that NSP2 acts as a cofactor for the NSP4 serine protease
- Journal of Virology
, 1997
"... evidence that NSP2 acts as a cofactor for the ..."
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Biochemical characterization of the equine arteritis virus helicase suggests a close functional relationship between arterivirus and coronavirus helicases
- Journal of Virology
, 2000
"... This article cites 61 articles, 35 of which can be accessed free ..."
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Cited by 15 (12 self)
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This article cites 61 articles, 35 of which can be accessed free
Nuclear localization of non-structural protein 1 and nucleocapsid protein of equine arteritis virus
- J Gen
, 2002
"... RNA synthesis (genome replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription) directed by equine arteritis virus (EAV; family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales) occurs on modified cytoplasmic membranes to which most viral replicase subunits localize. Re-markably, a fraction of non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), ..."
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Cited by 7 (1 self)
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RNA synthesis (genome replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription) directed by equine arteritis virus (EAV; family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales) occurs on modified cytoplasmic membranes to which most viral replicase subunits localize. Re-markably, a fraction of non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), a protein essential for transcription but dis-pensable for genome replication, is present in the host cell nucleus, in particular during the earlier stagesof infection.ExpressionofGFP-tagged fusion proteins revealed that nsp1 is actively imported into the nucleus. Although the signals responsible for nsp1 transport could not be identified, our studies revealed that another EAV protein with a partially nuclear localization, the nucleocapsid (N)
De Novo Initiation of RNA Synthesis by the Arterivirus
, 2007
"... These include: This article cites 71 articles, 47 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 6 (1 self)
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These include: This article cites 71 articles, 47 of which can be accessed free at:
Characterization of an equine arteritis virus replicase mutant defective in subgenomic mRNA synthesis
- J
, 1999
"... Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that synthesizes a 5*- and 3*-coterminal nested set of six subgenomic mRNAs. These mRNAs all contain a common leader sequence which is derived from the 5 * end of the genome. Subgenomic mRNA transcription and genome replication are direct ..."
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Cited by 6 (5 self)
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Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that synthesizes a 5*- and 3*-coterminal nested set of six subgenomic mRNAs. These mRNAs all contain a common leader sequence which is derived from the 5 * end of the genome. Subgenomic mRNA transcription and genome replication are directed by the viral replicase, which is expressed in the form of two polyproteins and subsequently processed into smaller non-structural proteins (nsps). During the recent construction of an EAV infectious cDNA clone (pEAV030 [L. C.
nucleocapsid protein of equine arteritis virus
, 2016
"... RNA synthesis (genome replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription) directed by equine arteritis virus (EAV; family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales) occurs on modified cytoplasmic membranes to which most viral replicase subunits localize. Re-markably, a fraction of non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), ..."
Abstract
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RNA synthesis (genome replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription) directed by equine arteritis virus (EAV; family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales) occurs on modified cytoplasmic membranes to which most viral replicase subunits localize. Re-markably, a fraction of non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), a protein essential for transcription but dis-pensable for genome replication, is present in the host cell nucleus, in particular during the earlier stagesof infection.ExpressionofGFP-tagged fusion proteins revealed that nsp1 is actively imported into the nucleus. Although the signals responsible for nsp1 transport could not be identified, our studies revealed that another EAV protein with a partially nuclear localization, the nucleocapsid (N)
Equine Arteritis Virus Does Not Induce Interferon Production in Equine Endothelial Cells: Identification of Nonstructural Protein 1 as a Main Interferon Antagonist
"... The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of equine arteritis virus (EAV) on type I interferon (IFN) production. Equine endothelial cells (EECs) were infected with the virulent Bucyrus strain (VBS) of EAV and expression of IFN-was measured at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative ..."
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of equine arteritis virus (EAV) on type I interferon (IFN) production. Equine endothelial cells (EECs) were infected with the virulent Bucyrus strain (VBS) of EAV and expression of IFN-was measured at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and IFN bioassay using vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the green fluorescence protein (VSV-GFP), respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that IFN-mRNA levels in EECs infected with EAV VBS were not increased compared to those in mock-infected cells. Consistent with quantitative RT-PCR, Sendai virus-(SeV-) induced type I IFN production was inhibited by EAV infection. Using an IFN-promoter-luciferase reporter assay, we subsequently demonstrated that EAV nsps 1, 2, and 11 had the capability to inhibit type I IFN activation. Of these three nsps, nsp1 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EAV has the ability to suppress the type I IFN production in EECs and nsp1 may play a critical role to subvert the equine innate immune response.
