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Episodic retrieval and the cortical binding of relational activity
- Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci
, 2011
"... Abstract Retrieval of episodic memories depends on the successful “re-collection ” of event features, such as the time, place, people, thoughts, and feelings associated with a past experience.In neuroimaging studies, ventral regions of the posterior parietal cortex (vPPC) are particularly active whe ..."
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Abstract Retrieval of episodic memories depends on the successful “re-collection ” of event features, such as the time, place, people, thoughts, and feelings associated with a past experience.In neuroimaging studies, ventral regions of the posterior parietal cortex (vPPC) are particularly active when episodic memories are successfully retrieved. A review of the neural correlates of episodic retrieval is presented along with a new theory, cortical binding of relational activity (CoBRA). According to CoBRA, the vPPC acts as a convergence zone that binds episodic features stored in disparate neocortical regions. This process works in conjunction with other known mecha-nisms, such as those associated with the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe. Keywords Episodic memory. Parietal cortex. Recollection What did you do last weekend? Our ability to retrieve such episodic memories depends on efficient storage of event features at the time of encoding. These features include the sensory, conceptual, and emotional experiences that define an event. During encoding, event features distributed across neocortical sites are held online by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as an active working memory representation (D'Esposito, 2007; Miller & Cohen, 2001; Shimamura, 2000, 2008). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) binds these cortical representations, thus enabling retrieval of them at a later time (Cohen & Eichenbaum, 1993; Shimamura, 2010;
The Cognitive Neuroscience of True and False Memories*
"... Abstract Of central relevance to the recovered/false memory debate is understanding the factors that cause us to believe that a mental experience is a memory of an actual past experience. According to the source monitoring framework (SMF), memories are attributions that we make about our mental expe ..."
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Abstract Of central relevance to the recovered/false memory debate is understanding the factors that cause us to believe that a mental experience is a memory of an actual past experience. According to the source monitoring framework (SMF), memories are attributions that we make about our mental experiences based on their subjective qualities, our prior knowledge and beliefs, our motives and goals, and the social context. From this perspective, we discuss cognitive behavioral studies using both objective (e.g., recognition, source memory) and subjective (e.g., ratings of memory characteristics) measures that provide much information about the encoding, revival and monitoring processes that yield both true and false memories. The chapter also considers how neuroimaging findings, especially from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, are contributing to our understanding of the relation between memory and reality. Keywords False memories • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) • Neuroimaging and memory • Source monitoring framework (SMF) The recovered/false memory debate has centered around two main issues: Can traumatic events be forgotten for many years and then remembered? Are memories of trauma, including recovered memories, susceptible to memory distortion? Our perspective on these issues does not require taking sides: (1) Important events (even events that are highly emotionally charged at the time) can be forgotten; and previously forgotten events (even those long forgotten) sometimes may be remembered *Preparation of this chapter was supported by NIA grant AG009253.
Cognitive habits and memory distortions in anxiety and depression
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
, 2010
"... When anxious or depressed people try to recall emotionally ambiguous events, they produce errors that reflect their habits of interpreting ambiguity in negative ways. These distortions are revealed by experiments that evaluate performance on memory tasks after taking interpretation biases into accou ..."
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When anxious or depressed people try to recall emotionally ambiguous events, they produce errors that reflect their habits of interpreting ambiguity in negative ways. These distortions are revealed by experiments that evaluate performance on memory tasks after taking interpretation biases into account—an alternative to the standard memory-bias procedure that examines the accuracy of memory for clearly emotional material. To help establish the causal role of interpretation bias in generating memory bias, these distortions have been simulated by training interpretation biases in nondisordered groups. The practical implications of these findings for therapeutic intervention are discussed; future directions are described. Keywords interpretation bias, memory bias, cognitive bias modification, anxiety, depression It is fitting to speak of every human cognitive reaction— perceiving, imagining, remembering, thinking and reasoning— as an effort after meaning. Sir Frederick Bartlett (1932, p. 44) When cognitive psychologists rediscovered Bartlett’s work in the 1970s, they were not concerned about the implications of his
The Development of Episodic Memory: Lifespan Lessons
"... ABSTRACT—This article looks at the development of epi-sodic memory (EM) in children from a lifespan perspec-tive, focusing on studies that directly compare children’s patterns of memory performance to those of older adults. With training, children show greater improvements and higher levels of asymp ..."
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ABSTRACT—This article looks at the development of epi-sodic memory (EM) in children from a lifespan perspec-tive, focusing on studies that directly compare children’s patterns of memory performance to those of older adults. With training, children show greater improvements and higher levels of asymptotic performance than older adults even when they initially perform at the same or lower lev-els. Thus, the plasticity of EM appears to be greater in children than in older adults. Next, the article describes the two-component model of EM development, which delineates sets of mechanisms that may underlie EM dif-ferences between children and older adults. According to this model, EM requires the interaction between associa-tive and strategic components. It posits that the associa-tive component of EM is relatively mature by middle
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"... co ies mem emo oce in t gica of i at h ng the encoding of subsequently recalled items. Critically, the magnitude of this ef-s of su easure uently subse tivatio retrieval processes, enhanced attention clustering effects that ..."
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co ies mem emo oce in t gica of i at h ng the encoding of subsequently recalled items. Critically, the magnitude of this ef-s of su easure uently subse tivatio retrieval processes, enhanced attention clustering effects that
In Press at Psychological Review A Four–Component Model of Age–Related Memory Change
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od Keywords: Source monitoring Functional connectivity
"... th ode sh hin nts und a control condition. On the basis of previous studies on self-referential thinking, it was expected that a lved i bility ntext a Johnso moda agent involves both the memory of a particular episode, and a judgment mories has been ..."
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th ode sh hin nts und a control condition. On the basis of previous studies on self-referential thinking, it was expected that a lved i bility ntext a Johnso moda agent involves both the memory of a particular episode, and a judgment mories has been
Lecture
"... • Other format options (and older editions) may be available online. Course Website (also on Canvas): ..."
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• Other format options (and older editions) may be available online. Course Website (also on Canvas):
Running Head: HABITS AND MEMORY DISTORTIONS Cognitive Habits and Memory Distortions in Anxiety and Depression
"... This Post-Print is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for ..."
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This Post-Print is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for
in and out of sleep: connecting the dots
, 2010
"... Reactivation, retrieval, replay and reconsolidation ..."
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