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The genome organization of the Nidovirales: similarities and differences between arteri-, toro-, and coronaviruses
- Semin Virol
, 1997
"... Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organizatio ..."
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Cited by 49 (11 self)
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Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organization and expression of their genomes, and sequence conservation among the polymerase polyproteins strongly suggests that they have a common ancestry. On this basis, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently established a new order, Nidovirales, to contain the two families. Here, the common traits and distinguishing features of the Nidovirales are reviewed. r 1997 Academic Press KEY WORDS: arterivirus; coronavirus; torovirus; polyprotein processing; RNA recombination.
A subgenomic mRNA transcript of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 defective interfering (DI) RNA is packaged when it contains the DI packaging signal
- J
, 1997
"... In infected cells, only the genomic RNA of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) is packaged into the virions. In this study, we show that a subgenomic (sg) defective interfering (DI) RNA can be packaged into virions when it contains the DI RNA packaging signal (DI RNA-Ps). Howe ..."
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Cited by 7 (0 self)
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In infected cells, only the genomic RNA of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) is packaged into the virions. In this study, we show that a subgenomic (sg) defective interfering (DI) RNA can be packaged into virions when it contains the DI RNA packaging signal (DI RNA-Ps). However, the sg DI RNA is packaged less efficiently than the DI genomic RNA. Thus, while specificity of packaging of RNAs into MHV-A59 virions is determined by the DI RNA-Ps, efficiency of packaging is determined by additional factors. Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses, and during replication of the 28- to 32-kb genome, a 39-co-terminal nested set of mRNAs from which the different viral proteins are translated is produced (5, 17). Only the genomic RNA is detected in the virions of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) (14), although trace amounts of mRNA 7 of strain JHM have been detected in purified virions (7). The specific encapsidation of MHV genomic RNA is in keeping with the identification of a defec-tive interfering RNA packaging signal (DI RNA-Ps) in the
X: The leader RNA of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus contains an enhancer-like element for subgenomic mRNA transcription
- J Virol
"... While the 5 * cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for genomic RNA replication has been determined in several defective interfering (DI) RNA systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic RNA tran-scription. Previous studies have shown that the leader RNA in the DI genome significantly enh ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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While the 5 * cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for genomic RNA replication has been determined in several defective interfering (DI) RNA systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic RNA tran-scription. Previous studies have shown that the leader RNA in the DI genome significantly enhances the efficiency of DI subgenomic mRNA transcription, indicating that the leader RNA is a cis-acting sequence for mRNA transcription. To further characterize the cis-acting sequence, we made a series of deletion mutants, all but one of which have an additional deletion of the cis-acting signal for replication in the 5 * untranslated region. This deletion effectively eliminated the replication of the DI-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-reporter, as demonstrated by the sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The ability of these replication-minus mutants to transcribe subgenomic mRNAs was then assessed using the DI RNA-CAT reporter system. Results from both CAT activity and mRNA transcripts detected by RT-PCR showed that a 5*-proximal sequence of 35 nucleotides (nt) at nt 25 to 59 is a cis-acting sequence required for subgenomic RNA tran-scription, while the consensus repeat sequence of the leader RNA does not have such effect. Analyses of the secondary structure indicate that this 35-nt sequence forms two stem-loops conserved among MHVs. Deletion of this sequence abrogated transcriptional activity and disrupted the predicted stem-loops and overall RNA secondary structure at the 5 * untranslated region, suggesting that the secondary structure formed by this 35-nt
Review Defective Interfering RNAs: Foes of Viruses and Friends of
, 2009
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Characterization of Two Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 with Maturation
, 1996
"... protein. strain A59 with maturation defects in the spike mutants of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus Characterization of two temperature-sensitive ..."
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protein. strain A59 with maturation defects in the spike mutants of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus Characterization of two temperature-sensitive
CONTENT ALERTS
, 2002
"... This article cites 31 articles, 16 of which can be accessed free ..."
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CONTENT ALERTS
, 2007
"... This article cites 40 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free ..."
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