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Investigation into the Energy Cost of Live Migration of Virtual Machines
"... Abstract—One of the mechanisms to achieve energy efficiency in virtualized environments is to consolidate the workload (virtual machines) of underutilized servers and to switch-off these servers all together. Similarly,the workloads of overloaded servers can be distributed onto other servers for a l ..."
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Abstract—One of the mechanisms to achieve energy efficiency in virtualized environments is to consolidate the workload (virtual machines) of underutilized servers and to switch-off these servers all together. Similarly,the workloads of overloaded servers can be distributed onto other servers for a load balancing reason. Central to this approach is the migration of virtual machines at runtime,which may introduce its own overhead in terms of energy consumption and service execution latency. This paper experimentally investigates the magnitude of this overhead. We use the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) hypervisor and a custom-made benchmark for our experiments. We will demonstrate that the workload of a virtual machine does not have any bearing on the power consumption of the destination server during migration but it has on the source server. Moreover,the available network bandwidth and the size of the virtual machine do indeed introduce a non-negligible energy overhead and migration latency on both the source and the destination server. Index Terms—virtual machine,live virtual machine migration,migration time,migration cost,power consumption,energy overhead,workload types,energyefficient computing. I.
Situation recognition for service management systems using OWL 2 reasoners
- In Proc. of the 10th IEEE Workshop on Context Modeling and Reasoning (CoMoRea’13
, 2013
"... Abstract—For service management systems the early recog-nition of situations that necessitate a rebinding or a migration of services is an important task. To describe these situations on differing levels of detail and to allow their recognition even if only incomplete information is available, we em ..."
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Abstract—For service management systems the early recog-nition of situations that necessitate a rebinding or a migration of services is an important task. To describe these situations on differing levels of detail and to allow their recognition even if only incomplete information is available, we employ the ontology language OWL 2 and the reasoning services defined for it. In this paper we provide a case study on the performance of state of the art OWL 2 reasoning systems for answering class queries and conjunctive queries modeling the relevant situations for service rebinding or migration in the differing OWL 2 profiles. I.
Estimation of the Cost of VM Migration
"... Abstract—One of the mechanisms to achieve energy efficiency in virtualized/cloud environments is consolidation of workloads on an optimal number of servers and switching-off of idle or underutilized servers. Central to this approach is the migration of virtual machines at runtime. In this paper we i ..."
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Abstract—One of the mechanisms to achieve energy efficiency in virtualized/cloud environments is consolidation of workloads on an optimal number of servers and switching-off of idle or underutilized servers. Central to this approach is the migration of virtual machines at runtime. In this paper we investigate the cost (migration time) of virtual machines migration. We shall show that migration time exponentially increases as the available network bandwidth decreases; migration time linearly increases as the RAM size of a virtual machine increases. Furthermore, the power consumption of both the destination and the source servers remain by and large the same for a fixed network bandwidth, regardless of the VM size. Interestingly, for the same combination of virtual machines, different orders of migrations resulted in different migration time. We observed that migrating resource intensive virtual machines first yields the shortest migration time. In general, the migration time should be modeled as a random variable since the factors that affect it cannot be known except in a probabilistic sense. Therefore, we propose a probabilistic approach to quantify the cost of virtual machines migration. Index Terms—Cloud computing, energy-efficient computing, migration cost, migration time, server consolidation, virtual machine migration, workload consolidation I.
Mutual Influence of Application- and Platform-Level Adaptations on Energy-Efficient Computing
"... Abstract—We experimentally investigate the mutual influence of application- and platform-level adaptations in a virtualized cluster environment. At the application level, applications can adapt to a changing execution environment by dynamically ex-changing components that enable them to trade energy ..."
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Abstract—We experimentally investigate the mutual influence of application- and platform-level adaptations in a virtualized cluster environment. At the application level, applications can adapt to a changing execution environment by dynamically ex-changing components that enable them to trade energy for utility and vice versa. Likewise, at the platform level, virtual machine monitors can migrate virtual machines from one server to another either to consolidate workloads and switch-off underutilized servers or to distribute the workload of overloaded servers. Our experiment quantify impacts of various types of adaptations on QoS, power consumption, and energy-overhead. Keywords—Adaptation, cloud computing, energy-efficient com-puting, virtualization, virtual machines migration, migration costs I.
Punjab
"... Virtualization technology in Cloud computing has become important technology to reduce power consumption in data centers. Virtual Machine allocation to hosts is the main concept which carried out during Virtual Machine migrations in data centers. Virtual Machine allocation helps to utilize hardware ..."
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Virtualization technology in Cloud computing has become important technology to reduce power consumption in data centers. Virtual Machine allocation to hosts is the main concept which carried out during Virtual Machine migrations in data centers. Virtual Machine allocation helps to utilize hardware resources of hosts and leads to power efficiency in Data centers. In the past few years, various mechanisms were proposed to apply algorithms to achieve power efficiency. In this paper, we have proposed a genetic algorithm to optimize various parameters i.e. power consumption, response time, SLA violation and VM migrations. Our proposed hybrid algorithm provisions various VMs to hosts in a way that to minimize power consumption, while delivering approved Quality of Service. Results demonstrate that proposed HVMA algorithm helps to minimize power consumption and to optimize various performance parameters during live migrations in various environment conditions.
Situation Recognition for Service Management Systems Using OWL 2 Reasoners
"... Abstract — For service management systems the early recog-nition of situations that necessitate a rebinding or a migration of services is an important task. To describe these situations on differing levels of detail and to allow their recognition even if only incomplete information is available, we ..."
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Abstract — For service management systems the early recog-nition of situations that necessitate a rebinding or a migration of services is an important task. To describe these situations on differing levels of detail and to allow their recognition even if only incomplete information is available, we employ the ontology language OWL 2 and the reasoning services defined for it. In this paper we provide a case study on the performance of state of the art OWL 2 reasoning systems for answering class queries and conjunctive queries modeling the relevant situations for service rebinding or migration in the differing OWL 2 profiles. I.
1 Power-Latency Trade-offs in Virtualized Environments
"... Abstract—The adoption of server virtualization and cloud computing has enabled high flexibility of service execution in the Internet. It also promises the efficient use of resources including power. At present, the cloud infrastructure (physical machines and cloud platforms) and the services employi ..."
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Abstract—The adoption of server virtualization and cloud computing has enabled high flexibility of service execution in the Internet. It also promises the efficient use of resources including power. At present, the cloud infrastructure (physical machines and cloud platforms) and the services employing the infrastructure are managed by independent entities. As a result, it is difficult to jointly configure hardware and software resources, which may introduce significant inefficiency of resource utilization. Often infrastructure providers over provision resources to accommodate a growing demand, but the cost of such inefficiency is gradually being felt by both parties. This paper experimentally examines the effect of system configuration (concurrency) on the power consumption and latency of a video hosting server. We find that the usefulness of concurrency is greatly influenced by the interplay of underlying leased resources and by the interaction of virtual machines with these resources. However, the exact nature of this interplay is difficult to quantitatively establish and, therefore, it is not presented to service providers. Our study encourages the scientific community to pay attention to this aspect and to undertake a more rigorous investigation based on practical observations. Index Terms—Concurrency, parallel programs, power consumption, server power consumption, processor power consumption, virtual machines, latency, performance, virtualized environment I.
