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Cross-layer Designs: a Survey
"... Computer communication has been going through major changes throughout the last decades. While wireless technologies have been widely adopted, various domains and implementations like wireless sensor Networks (WSN), mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), wireless mesh networks have emerged. Since TCP/IP w ..."
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Computer communication has been going through major changes throughout the last decades. While wireless technologies have been widely adopted, various domains and implementations like wireless sensor Networks (WSN), mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), wireless mesh networks have emerged. Since TCP/IP was a protocol designed for wired networks, wireless transmission poses unique challenges to the well-defined and rigid protocol stack. The well-known layers of the OSI model or its practical counterpart TCP/IP model were too strict in some cases to provide with all the services necessitated by these new domains. These issues make way to cross-layer design where the traditional boundaries among layers are violated in different ways to achieve performance gain. In this paper, we gather the motivation behind the cross-layer design, illustrate some representative examples and draw conclusions for the future challenges.
ANALYSIS OF CROSS LAYER SCHEMES TO ENHANCE TCP PERFORMANCE IN MANET
"... Abstract: Wireless communication is a major component of mobile computing. Transmission Control Protocol suffers from performance degradation in wireless environments. Due to high mobility and varying bit error rate in these environments, any packet loss that occurs is misinterpreted by the TCP as ..."
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Abstract: Wireless communication is a major component of mobile computing. Transmission Control Protocol suffers from performance degradation in wireless environments. Due to high mobility and varying bit error rate in these environments, any packet loss that occurs is misinterpreted by the TCP as congestion and invokes congestion control mechanisms thereby degrading performance. Hence the performance of wireless networks is improved by introducing a cross layer design to exchange information between different layers. Cross layer optimizations produced many promising results which initiated research activity in this domain. This paper mainly focuses on cross layer proposals between network and transport layer and various TCP schemes employed to enhance performance.
