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PANDAA: Physical arrangement detection of networked devices through ambient-sound awareness
- In Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’11
, 2011
"... Future ubiquitous home environments can contain 10s or 100s of devices. Ubiquitous services running on these de-vices (i.e. localizing users, routing, security algorithms) will commonly require an accurate location of each device. In order to obtain these locations, existing techniques require eithe ..."
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Future ubiquitous home environments can contain 10s or 100s of devices. Ubiquitous services running on these de-vices (i.e. localizing users, routing, security algorithms) will commonly require an accurate location of each device. In order to obtain these locations, existing techniques require either a manual survey, active sound sources, or estimation using wireless radios. These techniques, however, need ad-ditional hardware capabilities and are intrusive to the user. Non-intrusive, automatic localization of ubiquitous comput-ing devices in the home has the potential to greatly facilitate device deployments. This paper presents the PANDAA system, a zero-configura-tion spatial localization system for networked devices based on ambient sound sensing. After initial placement of the de-vices, ambient sounds, such as human speech, music, foot-steps, finger snaps, hand claps, or coughs and sneezes, are used to autonomously resolve the spatial relative arrange-ment of devices using trigonometric bounds and successive approximation. Using only time difference of arrival mea-surements as a bound for successive estimations, PANDAA is able to achieve an average of 0.17 meter accuracy for de-vice location in the meeting room deployment. ACM Classification Keywords C.3 Special-purpose and application-based systems: Signal
A high accuracy, low-latency, scalable microphone-array system for conversation analysis
"... Understanding and facilitating real-life social interaction is a high-impact goal for Ubicomp research. Microphone ar-rays offer the unique capability to provide continuous, calm capture of verbal interaction in large physical spaces, such as homes and (especially open-plan) offices. Most micro-phon ..."
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Understanding and facilitating real-life social interaction is a high-impact goal for Ubicomp research. Microphone ar-rays offer the unique capability to provide continuous, calm capture of verbal interaction in large physical spaces, such as homes and (especially open-plan) offices. Most micro-phone array work has focused on arrays of custom sensors in small spaces, and a few recent works have tested small ar-rays of commodity sensors in single rooms. This paper de-scribes the first working scalable and cost-effective array that offers high-precision localization of conversational speech, and hence enables ongoing studies of verbal interactions in large semi-structured spaces. This work represents signif-icant improvements over prior work in three dimensions – cost, scale and accuracy. It also achieves high throughput for real-time updates of tens of active sources using off-the-shelf components. We describe the system design, key lo-calization algorithms, and a systematic performance evalua-tion. We then show how source location data can be usefully aggregated to reveal interesting patterns in group conversa-tions, such as dominance and engagement. Author Keywords Microphone array, conversation analysis, localization
Platypus -Indoor Localization and Identification through Sensing Electric Potential Changes in Human Bodies
"... ABSTRACT Platypus is the first system to localize and identify people by remotely and passively sensing changes in their body electric potential which occur naturally during walking. While it uses three or more electric potential sensors with a maximum range of 2 m, as a tag-free system it does not ..."
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ABSTRACT Platypus is the first system to localize and identify people by remotely and passively sensing changes in their body electric potential which occur naturally during walking. While it uses three or more electric potential sensors with a maximum range of 2 m, as a tag-free system it does not require the user to carry any special hardware. We describe the physical principles behind body electric potential changes, and a predictive mathematical model of how this affects a passive electric field sensor. By inverting this model and combining data from sensors, we infer a method for localizing people and experimentally demonstrate a median localization error of 0.16 m. We also use the model to remotely infer the change in body electric potential with a mean error of 8.8 % compared to direct contact-based measurements. We show how the reconstructed body electric potential differs from person to person and thereby how to perform identification. Based on short walking sequences of 5 s, we identify four users with an accuracy of 94 %, and 30 users with an accuracy of 75 %. We demonstrate that identification features are valid over multiple days, though change with footwear.
2.2 Source Localization Strategy....................... 9
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"... It is difficult to write device drivers. One factor is that writing low-level code for accessing devices and manipulating their registers is tedious and error-prone. For many system-on-chip based systems, buggy hardware, imprecise documentation, and code reuse worsen the situation further. This pape ..."
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It is difficult to write device drivers. One factor is that writing low-level code for accessing devices and manipulating their registers is tedious and error-prone. For many system-on-chip based systems, buggy hardware, imprecise documentation, and code reuse worsen the situation further. This paper presents HAIL (Hardware Access Interface Language), a language-based approach to simplify device access programming and generate error checking code against bugs in software, hardware, and documentation. HAIL is a domain-specific language that specifies all aspects of a device’s programming interface and the access methods in a particular system and OS. A compiler automatically checks the specification and translates it into C code for device access, with optional debugging code. The generated code can be included directly into device driver code. In the paper, we argue that HAIL lowers development effort, incurs minimal runtime overhead, and reduces device access related bugs. We also show that the HAIL specification can be reused for different operating systems, thereby reducing porting costs.
adfa, p. 1, 2011. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
"... tracking of multiple users in smart environments with a camera-based approach ..."
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tracking of multiple users in smart environments with a camera-based approach
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"... Marker-free indoor localization and tracking of multiple users in smart environments using a camera-based approach ..."
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Marker-free indoor localization and tracking of multiple users in smart environments using a camera-based approach
