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124
Data and Computation Transformations for Multiprocessors
- In Proceedings of the Fifth ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming
, 1995
"... Effective memory hierarchy utilization is critical to the performance of modern multiprocessor architectures. We havedeveloped the first compiler system that fully automatically parallelizes sequential programs and changes the original array layouts to improve memory system performance. Our optimiza ..."
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Cited by 177 (15 self)
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Effective memory hierarchy utilization is critical to the performance of modern multiprocessor architectures. We havedeveloped the first compiler system that fully automatically parallelizes sequential programs and changes the original array layouts to improve memory system performance. Our optimization algorithm consists of two steps. The first step chooses the parallelization and computation assignment such that synchronization and data sharing are minimized. The second step then restructures the layout of the data in the shared address space with an algorithm that is based on a new data transformation framework. We ran our compiler on a set of application programs and measured their performance on the Stanford DASH multiprocessor. Our results show that the compiler can effectively optimize parallelism in conjunction with memory subsystem performance. 1 Introduction In the last decade, microprocessor speeds have been steadily improving at a rate of 50% to 100% every year[16]. Meanwh...
Pointer Analysis for Multithreaded Programs
- ACM SIGPLAN 99
, 1999
"... This paper presents a novel interprocedural, flow-sensitive, and context-sensitive pointer analysis algorithm for multithreaded programs that may concurrently update shared pointers. For each pointer and each program point, the algorithm computes a conservative approximation of the memory locations ..."
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Cited by 163 (12 self)
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This paper presents a novel interprocedural, flow-sensitive, and context-sensitive pointer analysis algorithm for multithreaded programs that may concurrently update shared pointers. For each pointer and each program point, the algorithm computes a conservative approximation of the memory locations to which that pointer may point. The algorithm correctly handles a full range of constructs in multithreaded programs, including recursive functions, function pointers, structures, arrays, nested structures and arrays, pointer arithmetic, casts between pointer variables of different types, heap and stack allocated memory, shared global variables, and thread-private global variables. We have implemented the algorithm in the SUIF compiler system and used the implementation to analyze a sizable set of multithreaded programs written in the Cilk multithreaded programming language. Our experimental results show that the analysis has good precision and converges quickly for our set of Cilk programs.
Commutativity Analysis: A New Analysis Technique for Parallelizing Compilers
- ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS
, 1997
"... This article presents a new analysis technique, commutativity analysis, for automatically parallelizing computations that manipulate dynamic, pointer-based data structures. Commutativity analysis views the computation as composed of operations on objects. It then analyzes the program at this granula ..."
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Cited by 87 (11 self)
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This article presents a new analysis technique, commutativity analysis, for automatically parallelizing computations that manipulate dynamic, pointer-based data structures. Commutativity analysis views the computation as composed of operations on objects. It then analyzes the program at this granularity to discover when operations commute (i.e., generate the same final result regardless of the order in which they execute). If all of the operations required to perform a given computation commute, the compiler can automatically generate parallel code. We have implemented a prototype compilation system that uses commutativity analysis as its primary analysis technique
SUIF Explorer: an interactive and interprocedural parallelizer
, 1999
"... The SUIF Explorer is an interactive parallelization tool that is more effective than previous systems in minimizing the number of lines of code that require programmer assistance. First, the interprocedural analyses in the SUIF system is successful in parallelizing many coarse-grain loops, thus mini ..."
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Cited by 76 (5 self)
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The SUIF Explorer is an interactive parallelization tool that is more effective than previous systems in minimizing the number of lines of code that require programmer assistance. First, the interprocedural analyses in the SUIF system is successful in parallelizing many coarse-grain loops, thus minimizing the number of spurious dependences requiring attention. Second, the system uses dynamic execution analyzers to identify those important loops that are likely to be parallelizable. Third, the SUIF Explorer is the first to apply program slicing to aid programmers in interactive parallelization. The system guides the programmer in the parallelization process using a set of sophisticated visualization techniques. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the SUIF Explorer with three case studies. The programmer was able to speed up all three programs by examining only a small fraction of the program and privatizing a few variables. 1. Introduction Exploiting coarse-grain parallelism i...
Fusion of Loops for Parallelism and Locality
- IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
, 1995
"... Loop fusion improves data locality and reduces synchronization in data-parallel applications. However, loop fusion is not always legal. Even when legal, fusion may introduce loop-carried dependences which reduce parallelism. In addition, performance losses result from cache conflicts in fused loops. ..."
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Cited by 63 (3 self)
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Loop fusion improves data locality and reduces synchronization in data-parallel applications. However, loop fusion is not always legal. Even when legal, fusion may introduce loop-carried dependences which reduce parallelism. In addition, performance losses result from cache conflicts in fused loops. We present new, systematic techniques which: (1) allow fusion of loop nests in the presence of fusion-preventing dependences, (2) allow parallel execution of fused loops with minimal synchronization, and (3) eliminate cache conflicts in fused loops. We evaluate our techniques on a 56-processor KSR2 multiprocessor, and show improvements of up to 20% for representative loop nest sequences. The results also indicate a performance tradeoff as more processors are used, suggesting careful evaluation of the profitability of fusion. 1 Introduction The performance of data-parallel applications on cachecoherent shared-memory multiprocessors is significantly affected by data locality and by the cost ...
Commutativity analysis: A new analysis framework for parallelizing compilers
- In Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI
, 1996
"... This paper presents a new analysis technique, commutativity analysis, for automatically parallelizing computations that manipulate dynamic, pointer-based data structures. Commutativity analysis views the computation as composed of operations on objects. It then analyzes the program at this granulari ..."
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Cited by 49 (8 self)
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This paper presents a new analysis technique, commutativity analysis, for automatically parallelizing computations that manipulate dynamic, pointer-based data structures. Commutativity analysis views the computation as composed of operations on objects. It then analyzes the program at this granularity to discover when operations commute (i.e. generate the same final result regardless of the order in which they execute). If all of the operations required to perform a given computation commute, the compiler can automatically generate parallel code. We have implemented a prototype compilation system that uses commutativity analysis as its primary analysis framework. We have used this system to automatically parallelize two complete scientific computations: the Barnes-Hut N-body solver and the Water code. This paper presents performance results for the generated parallel code running on the Stanford DASH machine. These results provide encouraging evidence that commutativity analysis can serve as the basis for a successful parallelizing compiler. 1
The Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Jade, a Portable, Implicitly Parallel Programming Language
- Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ
, 1994
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An Overview of Symbolic Analysis Techniques Needed for the Effective Parallelization of the Perfect Benchmarks
, 1994
"... We have identified symbolic analysis techniques that will improve the effectivenessofparallelizing Fortran compilers, with emphasis upon data dependence analysis. We have done this by comparing the automatically and manually parallelized versions of the Perfect R fl .Thetechniques include: symbolic ..."
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Cited by 35 (12 self)
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We have identified symbolic analysis techniques that will improve the effectivenessofparallelizing Fortran compilers, with emphasis upon data dependence analysis. We have done this by comparing the automatically and manually parallelized versions of the Perfect R fl .Thetechniques include: symbolic data dependence tests for nonlinear expressions,constraint propagation, array summary information, and run time tests.
