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Analysis of a hyper-diverse seed dispersal network: modularity and underlying mechanisms
"... Mutualistic interactions involving pollination and ant-plant mutualistic networks typically feature tightly linked species grouped in modules. However, such modularity is infrequent in seed dispersal networks, presumably because research on those networks predominantly includes a single taxonomic an ..."
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Mutualistic interactions involving pollination and ant-plant mutualistic networks typically feature tightly linked species grouped in modules. However, such modularity is infrequent in seed dispersal networks, presumably because research on those networks predominantly includes a single taxonomic animal group (e.g. birds). Herein, for the first time, we examine the pattern of interaction in a network that includes multiple taxonomic groups of seed dispersers, and the mechanisms underlying modularity. We found that the network was nested and modular, with five distinguishable modules. Our examination of the mechanisms underlying such modularity showed that plant and animal trait values were associated with specific modules but phylogenetic effect was limited. Thus, the pattern of interaction in this network is only partially explained by shared evolutionary history. We conclude that the observed modularity emerged by a combination of phylogenetic history and trait convergence of phylogenetically unrelated species, shaped by interactions with particular types of dispersal agents.
SEED DISPERSAL AND FRUGIVORY IN TROPICAL
"... 2. The seed dispersal cycle 3. Why seed dispersal matters? ..."
and spatio-temporal variations
"... Context-dependent fruit–frugivore interactions: Partner identities and spatio-temporal variations ..."
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Context-dependent fruit–frugivore interactions: Partner identities and spatio-temporal variations
OPEN ACCESS
, 2016
"... Declarations can be found on page 14 DOI 10.7717/peerj.2048 Copyright 2016 Ramos-Robles et al. ..."
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Declarations can be found on page 14 DOI 10.7717/peerj.2048 Copyright 2016 Ramos-Robles et al.
2Integrative Ecology Group
"... vo et and coevolution of mutualistic networks. From ob-biotic networks (51.00 6 6.6 versus 7.85 6 4.5 species, p < 0.0001, d.f. = 17, Figure 1C). As a consequence, plant controlling for the degree of nestedness expected Please cite this article in press as: Guimarães et al., Interaction Intimacy ..."
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vo et and coevolution of mutualistic networks. From ob-biotic networks (51.00 6 6.6 versus 7.85 6 4.5 species, p < 0.0001, d.f. = 17, Figure 1C). As a consequence, plant controlling for the degree of nestedness expected Please cite this article in press as: Guimarães et al., Interaction Intimacy Affects Structure and Coevolutionary Dynamics in Mutualistic Networks, Current Biology (2007), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.059whereas nonsymbiotic interactions (low intimacy) willProcedures). In fact, symbiotic networks included three to six isolated subwebs (3.6 6 0.51 isolated subwebs),*Correspondence:
