Results 1 - 10 of 173

Candidate indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption for all circuits

by Sanjam Garg, Mariana Raykova, Craig Gentry, Amit Sahai, Shai Halevi, Brent Waters - In FOCS , 2013
"... In this work, we study indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption for general circuits: Indistinguishability obfuscation requires that given any two equivalent circuits C0 and C1 of similar size, the obfuscations of C0 and C1 should be computationally indistinguishable. In functional ..."
Abstract - Cited by 170 (37 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this work, we study indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption for general circuits: Indistinguishability obfuscation requires that given any two equivalent circuits C0 and C1 of similar size, the obfuscations of C0 and C1 should be computationally indistinguishable. In functional encryption, ciphertexts encrypt inputs x and keys are issued for circuits C. Using the key SKC to decrypt a ciphertext CTx = Enc(x), yields the value C(x) but does not reveal anything else about x. Furthermore, no collusion of secret key holders should be able to learn anything more than the union of what they can each learn individually. We give constructions for indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption that supports all polynomial-size circuits. We accomplish this goal in three steps: • We describe a candidate construction for indistinguishability obfuscation for NC 1 circuits. The security of this construction is based on a new algebraic hardness assumption. The candidate and assumption use a simplified variant of multilinear maps, which we call Multilinear Jigsaw Puzzles. • We show how to use indistinguishability obfuscation for NC 1 together with Fully Homomorphic Encryption (with decryption in NC 1) to achieve indistinguishability obfuscation for all circuits.

Fully Secure Functional Encryption: Attribute-Based Encryption and (Hierarchical) Inner Product Encryption

by Allison Lewko, Amit Sahai, Tatsuaki Okamoto, Katsuyuki Takashima, Brent Waters
"... In this paper, we present two fully secure functional encryption schemes. Our first result is a fully secure attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme. Previous constructions of ABE were only proven to be selectively secure. We achieve full security by adapting the dual system encryption methodology r ..."
Abstract - Cited by 145 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this paper, we present two fully secure functional encryption schemes. Our first result is a fully secure attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme. Previous constructions of ABE were only proven to be selectively secure. We achieve full security by adapting the dual system encryption methodology recently introduced by Waters and previously leveraged to obtain fully secure IBE and HIBE systems. The primary challenge in applying dual system encryption to ABE is the richer structure of keys and ciphertexts. In an IBE or HIBE system, keys and ciphertexts are both associated with the same type of simple object: identities. In an ABE system, keys and ciphertexts are associated with more complex objects: attributes and access formulas. We use a novel information-theoretic argument to adapt the dual system encryption methodology to the more complicated structure of ABE systems. We construct our system in composite order bilinear groups, where the order is a product of three primes. We prove the security of our system from three static assumptions. Our ABE scheme supports arbitrary monotone access formulas. Our second result is a fully secure (attribute-hiding) predicate encryption (PE) scheme

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption: An Expressive, Efficient, and Provably Secure Realization

by Brent Waters , 2008
"... We present new techniques for realizing Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Encryption (CP-ABE) under concrete and noninteractive cryptographic assumptions. Our solutions allow any encryptor to specify access control in terms of an LSSS matrix, M, over the attributes in the system. We present three differen ..."
Abstract - Cited by 134 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present new techniques for realizing Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Encryption (CP-ABE) under concrete and noninteractive cryptographic assumptions. Our solutions allow any encryptor to specify access control in terms of an LSSS matrix, M, over the attributes in the system. We present three different constructions that allow different tradeoffs between the systems efficiency and the complexity of the assumptions used. All three constructions use a common methodology of “directly” solving the CP-ABE problem that enable us to get much better efficiency than prior approaches.
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Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data,"

by Ning Cao , Cong Wang , Ming Li , Kui Ren , Wenjing Lou - Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, , 2014
"... Abstract-With the advent of cloud computing, data owners are motivated to outsource their complex data management systems from local sites to commercial public cloud for great flexibility and economic savings. But for protecting data privacy, sensitive data has to be encrypted before outsourcing, w ..."
Abstract - Cited by 89 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract-With the advent of cloud computing, data owners are motivated to outsource their complex data management systems from local sites to commercial public cloud for great flexibility and economic savings. But for protecting data privacy, sensitive data has to be encrypted before outsourcing, which obsoletes traditional data utilization based on plaintext keyword search. Thus, enabling an encrypted cloud data search service is of paramount importance. Considering the large number of data users and documents in cloud, it is crucial for the search service to allow multi-keyword query and provide result similarity ranking to meet the effective data retrieval need. Related works on searchable encryption focus on single keyword search or Boolean keyword search, and rarely differentiate the search results. In this paper, for the first time, we define and solve the challenging problem of privacy-preserving multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data (MRSE), and establish a set of strict privacy requirements for such a secure cloud data utilization system to become a reality. Among various multi-keyword semantics, we choose the efficient principle of "coordinate matching", i.e., as many matches as possible, to capture the similarity between search query and data documents, and further use "inner product similarity" to quantitatively formalize such principle for similarity measurement. We first propose a basic MRSE scheme using secure inner product computation, and then significantly improve it to meet different privacy requirements in two levels of threat models. Thorough analysis investigating privacy and efficiency guarantees of proposed schemes is given, and experiments on the real-world dataset further show proposed schemes indeed introduce low overhead on computation and communication.
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Fully secure functional encryption with general relations from the decisional linear assumption

by Tatsuaki Okamoto, Katsuyuki Takashima - In CRYPTO , 2010
"... This paper presents a fully secure functional encryption scheme for a wide class of relations, that are specified by non-monotone access structures combined with inner-product relations. The security is proven under a standard assumption, the decisional linear (DLIN) assumption, in the standard mode ..."
Abstract - Cited by 79 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper presents a fully secure functional encryption scheme for a wide class of relations, that are specified by non-monotone access structures combined with inner-product relations. The security is proven under a standard assumption, the decisional linear (DLIN) assumption, in the standard model. The proposed functional encryption scheme covers, as special cases, (1) key-policy, ciphertext-policy and unified-policy (of key and ciphertext policies) attribute-based encryption with non-monotone access structures, and (2) (hierarchical) predicate encryption with inner-product relations and functional encryption with non-zero
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New Techniques for Dual System Encryption and Fully Secure HIBE with Short Ciphertexts

by Allison Lewko, Brent Waters
"... We construct a fully secure HIBE scheme with short ciphertexts. The previous construction of Boneh, Boyen, and Goh was only proven to be secure in the selective model, under a non-static assumption which depended on the depth of the hierarchy. To obtain full security, we apply the dual system encryp ..."
Abstract - Cited by 77 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
We construct a fully secure HIBE scheme with short ciphertexts. The previous construction of Boneh, Boyen, and Goh was only proven to be secure in the selective model, under a non-static assumption which depended on the depth of the hierarchy. To obtain full security, we apply the dual system encryption concept recently introduced by Waters. A straightforward application of this technique is insufficient to achieve short ciphertexts, since the original instantiation of the technique includes tags that do not compress. To overcome this challenge, we design a new method for realizing dual system encryption. We provide a system in composite order groups (of three primes) and prove the security of our scheme under three static assumptions.

Decentralizing Attribute-Based Encryption

by Allison Lewko, Brent Waters
"... We propose a Multi-Authority Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) system. In our system, any party can become an authority and there is no requirement for any global coordination other than the creation of an initial set of common reference parameters. A party can simply act as an ABE authority by creat ..."
Abstract - Cited by 76 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
We propose a Multi-Authority Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) system. In our system, any party can become an authority and there is no requirement for any global coordination other than the creation of an initial set of common reference parameters. A party can simply act as an ABE authority by creating a public key and issuing private keys to different users that reflect their attributes. A user can encrypt data in terms of any boolean formula over attributes issued from any chosen set of authorities. Finally, our system does not require any central authority. In constructing our system, our largest technical hurdle is to make it collusion resistant. Prior Attribute-Based Encryption systems achieved collusion resistance when the ABE system authority “tied ” together different components (representing different attributes) of a user’s private key by randomizing the key. However, in our system each component will come from a potentially different authority, where we assume no coordination between such authorities. We create new techniques to tie key components together and prevent collusion attacks between users with different global identifiers. We prove our system secure using the recent dual system encryption methodology where the security proof works by first converting the challenge ciphertext and private keys to a semi-functional form and then arguing security. We follow a recent variant of the dual system proof technique due to Lewko and Waters and build our system using bilinear groups of composite order. We prove security under similar static assumptions to the LW paper in the random oracle model. 1
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Attributebased encryption for circuits from multilinear maps. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2013/128, 2013. http://eprint.iacr.org/. Oded Goldreich and

by Sanjam Garg, Craig Gentry, Shai Halevi, Amit Sahai, Brent Waters
"... In this work, we provide the first construction of Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) for general circuits. Our construction is based on the existence of multilinear maps. We prove selective security of our scheme in the standard model under the natural multilinear generalization of the BDDH assumptio ..."
Abstract - Cited by 56 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this work, we provide the first construction of Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) for general circuits. Our construction is based on the existence of multilinear maps. We prove selective security of our scheme in the standard model under the natural multilinear generalization of the BDDH assumption. Our scheme achieves both Key-Policy and Ciphertext-Policy variants of ABE. Our scheme and its proof of security directly translate to the recent multilinear map framework of Garg, Gentry, and Halevi. This paper subsumes the manuscript of Sahai and Waters [SW12].

Converting Pairing-Based Cryptosystems from Composite-Order Groups to Prime-Order Groups

by David M, Ell Freeman
"... Abstract. We develop an abstract framework that encompasses the key properties of bilinear groups of composite order that are required to construct secure pairing-based cryptosystems, and we show how to use prime-order elliptic curve groups to construct bilinear groups with the same properties. In p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 56 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We develop an abstract framework that encompasses the key properties of bilinear groups of composite order that are required to construct secure pairing-based cryptosystems, and we show how to use prime-order elliptic curve groups to construct bilinear groups with the same properties. In particular, we define a generalized version of the subgroup decision problem and give explicit constructions of bilinear groups in which the generalized subgroup decision assumption follows from the decision Diffie-Hellman assumption, the decision linear assumption, and/or related assumptions in prime-order groups. We apply our framework and our prime-order group constructions to create more efficient versions of cryptosystems that originally required composite-order groups. Specifically, we consider the Boneh-Goh-Nissim encryption scheme, the Boneh-Sahai-Waters traitor tracing system, and the Katz-Sahai-Waters attribute-based encryption scheme. We give a security theorem for the prime-order group instantiation of each system, using assumptions of comparable complexity to those used in the composite-order setting. Our conversion of the last two systems to prime-order groups answers a problem posed by Groth and Sahai.

Authorized private keyword search over encrypted data in cloud computing

by Ming Li, Shucheng Yu, Ning Cao, Wenjing Lou , 2011
"... Abstract—In cloud computing, clients usually outsource their data to the cloud storage servers to reduce the management costs. While those data may contain sensitive personal information, the cloud servers cannot be fully trusted in protecting them. Encryption is a promising way to protect the confi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 55 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract—In cloud computing, clients usually outsource their data to the cloud storage servers to reduce the management costs. While those data may contain sensitive personal information, the cloud servers cannot be fully trusted in protecting them. Encryption is a promising way to protect the confidentiality of the outsourced data, but it also introduces much difficulty to performing effective searches over encrypted information. Most existing works do not support efficient searches with complex query conditions, and care needs to be taken when using them because of the potential privacy leakages about the data owners to the data users or the cloud server. In this paper, using online Personal Health Record (PHR) as a case study, we first show the necessity of search capability authorization that reduces the privacy exposure resulting from the search results, and establish a scalable framework for Authorized Private Keyword Search (APKS) over encrypted cloud data. We then propose two novel solutions for APKS based on a recent cryptographic primitive, Hierarchical Predicate Encryption (HPE). Our solutions enable efficient multi-dimensional keyword searches with range query, allow delegation and revocation of search capabilities. Moreover, we enhance the query privacy which hides users ’ query keywords against the server. We implement our scheme on a modern workstation, and experimental results demonstrate its suitability for practical usage. I.
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