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...nitially recruited in 1985 to 1986 to achieve a balance at each of four sites by race (black, white), sex, and education (high school degree or less vs. more than a high school degree). Detailed description of the original sampling procedure is available elsewhere (15). Participants were examined at study entry and years 2, 5, 7, 10, and 15 with the reexamination rate among surviving cohort members at year 15 of 73.5%. Comparisons of CARDIA participants in the year 15 examination with nonparticipants showed that nonparticipants were more likely to be black, younger, less educated, and smokers (16). Site institutional review committee approval and informed consent were obtained for each examination. The CARDIA Publications Committee approved this article. At the year 15 examination conducted in 2000 to 2001, participants at the Oakland and Chicago sites living within 50 miles of the clinic were invited to participate in an ancillary study of socioeconomic status, which included assessment of salivary cortisol. Informed consent was obtained separately for participation in the ancillary study. Of the 1336 participants who were eligible for the ancillary study, 836 (62.6%) agreed to partic...

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...nsient ischemic attacks, blood clotting, a myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure); (2) a previous stroke or cerebrovascular incident involving loss of consciousness; (3) claustrophobia; =-=(4)-=- type I or II diabetes; (5) cancer; (6) a current or previous diagnosis of a neuropsychiatric disorder (including a mood disorder, dementia, or suspected Alzheimer’s disease); (7) used psychotropic, b...

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... as a marker of increased CVD risk due to stress. He is a founder and major stockholder in Williams LifeSkills, Inc. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815f66c3 to predicting a higher incidence of hypertension =-=(10)-=-, a larger BP response to a video game task predicted increased levels of a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, 13 years later in a large sample of healthy young Black ...

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...and middle-aged normotensive adults elevates the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, and stroke later in their life =-=(8, 20, 39, 41, 42, 44, 50, 60)-=-. Larger variations in blood pressure in response to repeated everyday stressors may lead to accelerated damage of the kidneys and vasculature. Altered central mechanisms that mediate augmented blood ...