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Morphological Characterization of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Accessions Grown in Kenya
, 2014
"... Abstract Genetic divergence of five mulberry accessions including Embu, Thika, Thailand (M. alba), Kanva-2 and S41 (M. indica) grown in Kenya were examined using twelve phenotypic traits. The assessment of phenotypic traits was done in a field study in two localities, Nairobi and Eldoret. The trait ..."
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Abstract Genetic divergence of five mulberry accessions including Embu, Thika, Thailand (M. alba), Kanva-2 and S41 (M. indica) grown in Kenya were examined using twelve phenotypic traits. The assessment of phenotypic traits was done in a field study in two localities, Nairobi and Eldoret. The traits that were significantly different across the mulberry accessions included lamina width and petiole length (P ≤ 0.01), petiole width and growth height (P ≤ 0.05), internodes distance and number of branches (P ≤ 0.001). The Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) results were used to generate a dendrogram derived from hierarchical cluster analysis that further partitioned the mulberry accessions into four groups. Embu and Thailand accessions grouped together while S41, Thika and Kanva-2 accessions grouped separately. Embu and Thailand accessions were characterized by fewer numbers of branches than the rest of the accessions. Thika accession had high number of branches and short internode distance. Significant and positive correlations were found between leaf yield traits except in internode distance and number of branches which were significant and negatively correlated. Significant and positive correlations can be utilized since they are rewarding for mulberry leaf yield improvement.
Pre-breeding Efforts to Utilize Wild Morus Species and DNA Fingerprinting of F 1 Hybrids Using RAPD
, 2009
"... Abstract: Morus laevigata and Morus serrata are the wild Morus species of mulberry available in India possess unique features of bigger leaf size, higher leaf moisture and moisture retention, higher protein and carbohydrate with high adaptability to adverse climatic condition. In an effort to trans ..."
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Abstract: Morus laevigata and Morus serrata are the wild Morus species of mulberry available in India possess unique features of bigger leaf size, higher leaf moisture and moisture retention, higher protein and carbohydrate with high adaptability to adverse climatic condition. In an effort to transfer these traits to cultivated species, inter-specific hybridization was effected between M. indica with M. laevigata and M. indica with M. serrata. After repeated trial of hybridization, successful F 1 seeds were obtained among the crosses. The F 1 hybrids showed better performance than female parent in most of the characters while it was better than male parent for few characters in M. indica with M. laevigata. In another cross, the F 1 hybrids showed better performance than both the parents for most of the characters (M. indica x M. serrata). The crosses are expected to carry some genetic load, as the wild species were genetically and geographically distant and carry valuable genes. Polymorphism of genomic DNAs of nine parents and their seven hybrids were obtained from two wild and four cultivated species. Twelve arbitrary primers of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) unraveled abundant polymorphism. Of the F 1 hybrids, the banding pattern indicates similar like their respective parents. However, a few hybrids showed unique bands, which are different from respective parents. The RAPD technique demonstrated that hereditary variability occurred in between wild and cultivated Morus species at inter and intra-specific levels.
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"... Abstract: Mulberry leaves are the only source of food for silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Several improved mulberry varieties were developed during the last few decades for expansion of sericulture. Most of the varieties developed are from the same genetic background, this has lead to narrow genetic base ..."
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Abstract: Mulberry leaves are the only source of food for silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Several improved mulberry varieties were developed during the last few decades for expansion of sericulture. Most of the varieties developed are from the same genetic background, this has lead to narrow genetic base and hence vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stress. To avoid this situation, it is essential to enhance the genetic variability in the germplasm collections and this is possible through pre-breeding, further the genetically enhanced germplasm will be used in the breeding programme for cultivar development. Pre-breeding deals with the germplasm enhancement and conventional breeding refers to cultivar development. In several crops, pre-breeding lines were developed with specific traits, by using wild / exotic (unadapted) germplasm and the improved prebred material were used in breeding programme for the improvement of cultivated mulberry varieties. Efforts on prebreeding in mulberry revealed the possibilities of producing F1 hybrids with some of the characters of wild (unadapted) species. Further, to initiate pre-breeding in a large scale in order to develop region specific or stress resistant varieties, it is most essential to have detail information on three important aspects viz., mulberry germplasm collections, knowledge on different morus species and selection of parents. This paper provides a detail information about collection, conservation, evaluation and maintenance of mulberry germplasm; origin distribution and characteristics features of different morus species; use of wild /exotic germplasm in different crops including mulberry; constraints in use of exotic germplasm; seed setting percentage of different combination of morus species; use of molecular marker for assessing the genetic relationship of different morus species; purpose and methods of prebreeding; prebreeding strategy in mulberry and need of prebreeding for mulberry crop improvement.
