Constraint solving for interpolation. (2010)

by A Rybalchenko, V Sofronie-Stokkermans
Venue:J. Symb. Comput.,
Add To MetaCart
Results 1 - 10 of 43

Lazy Satisfiability Modulo Theories

by Roberto Sebastiani - JOURNAL ON SATISFIABILITY, BOOLEAN MODELING AND COMPUTATION 3 (2007) 141€“224 , 2007
"... Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) is the problem of deciding the satisfiability of a first-order formula with respect to some decidable first-order theory T (SMT (T)). These problems are typically not handled adequately by standard automated theorem provers. SMT is being recognized as increasingl ..."
Abstract - Cited by 189 (50 self) - Add to MetaCart
Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) is the problem of deciding the satisfiability of a first-order formula with respect to some decidable first-order theory T (SMT (T)). These problems are typically not handled adequately by standard automated theorem provers. SMT is being recognized as increasingly important due to its applications in many domains in different communities, in particular in formal verification. An amount of papers with novel and very efficient techniques for SMT has been published in the last years, and some very efficient SMT tools are now available. Typical SMT (T) problems require testing the satisfiability of formulas which are Boolean combinations of atomic propositions and atomic expressions in T, so that heavy Boolean reasoning must be efficiently combined with expressive theory-specific reasoning. The dominating approach to SMT (T), called lazy approach, is based on the integration of a SAT solver and of a decision procedure able to handle sets of atomic constraints in T (T-solver), handling respectively the Boolean and the theory-specific components of reasoning. Unfortunately, neither the problem of building an efficient SMT solver, nor even that
(Show Context)

Synthesizing software verifiers from proof rules

by Sergey Grebenshchikov, Nuno P. Lopes, Corneliu Popeea, Andrey Rybalchenko - IN PLDI , 2012
"... Automatically generated tools can significantly improve programmer productivity. For example, parsers and dataflow analyzers can be automatically generated from declarative specifications in the form of grammars, which tremendously simplifies the task of implementing a compiler. In this paper, we pr ..."
Abstract - Cited by 46 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Automatically generated tools can significantly improve programmer productivity. For example, parsers and dataflow analyzers can be automatically generated from declarative specifications in the form of grammars, which tremendously simplifies the task of implementing a compiler. In this paper, we present a method for the automatic synthesis of software verification tools. Our synthesis procedure takes as input a description of the employed proof rule, e.g., program safety checking via inductive invariants, and produces a tool that automatically discovers the auxiliary assertions required by the proof rule, e.g., inductive loop invariants and procedure summaries. We rely on a (standard) representation of proof rules using recursive equations over the auxiliary assertions. The discovery of auxiliary assertions, i.e., solving the equations, is based on an iterative process that extrapolates solutions obtained for finitary unrollings of equations. We show how our method synthesizes automatic safety and liveness verifiers for programs with procedures, multi-threaded programs, and functional programs. Our experimental comparison of the resulting verifiers with existing state-of-the-art verification tools confirms the practicality of the approach.
(Show Context)

Automatically Refining Abstract Interpretations

by Bhargav S. Gulavani, Supratik Chakraborty, Adityav. Nori, Sriram K. Rajamani
"... Abstract. Abstract interpretation techniques prove properties of programs by computing abstract fixpoints. All such analyses suffer from the possibility of false errors. We present three techniques to automatically refine such abstract interpretations to reduce false errors: (1) a new operator calle ..."
Abstract - Cited by 43 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. Abstract interpretation techniques prove properties of programs by computing abstract fixpoints. All such analyses suffer from the possibility of false errors. We present three techniques to automatically refine such abstract interpretations to reduce false errors: (1) a new operator called interpolated widen, which automatically recovers precision lost due to widen, (2) a new way to handle disjunctions that arise due to interpretations that use the join operator to merge abstract states at join points. We have implemented our techniques in a tool Dagger.Our experimental results show our techniques are effective and that their combination is even more effective than any one of them in isolation. We also show that Dagger is able to prove properties of C programs that are beyond current abstraction-refinement tools, such as Slam [4], Blast [15], Armc [19], and our earlier tool [12]. 1
(Show Context)

Efficient interpolant generation in satisfiability modulo theories,” in

by Alberto Griggio , Thi Thieu , Hoa Le , Roberto Sebastiani - Proc. TACAS, ser. LNCS 4963. , 2008
"... Abstract. The problem of computing Craig interpolants in SAT and SMT has recently received a lot of interest, mainly for its applications in formal verification. Efficient algorithms for interpolant generation have been presented for some theories of interest -including that of equality and uninter ..."
Abstract - Cited by 42 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. The problem of computing Craig interpolants in SAT and SMT has recently received a lot of interest, mainly for its applications in formal verification. Efficient algorithms for interpolant generation have been presented for some theories of interest -including that of equality and uninterpreted functions (EUF ), linear arithmetic over the rationals (LA(Q)), and their combination-and they are successfully used within model checking tools. For the theory of linear arithmetic over the integers (LA(Z)), however, the problem of finding an interpolant is more challenging, and the task of developing efficient interpolant generators for the full theory LA(Z) is still the objective of ongoing research. In this paper we try to close this gap. We build on previous work and present a novel interpolation algorithm for SMT(LA(Z)), which exploits the full power of current state-of-the-art SMT(LA(Z)) solvers. We demonstrate the potential of our approach with an extensive experimental evaluation of our implementation of the proposed algorithm in the MATHSAT SMT solver. Motivations, related work and goals Given two formulas A and B such that A∧B is inconsistent, a Craig interpolant (simply "interpolant" hereafter) for (A, B) is a formula I s.t. A entails I, I ∧ B is inconsistent, and all uninterpreted symbols of I occur in both A and B. Interpolation in both SAT and SMT has been recognized to be a substantial tool for formal verification. For instance, in the context of software model checking based on counter-example-guided-abstraction-refinement (CEGAR) interpolants of quantifier-free formulas in suitable theories are computed for automatically refining abstractions in order to rule out spurious counterexamples. Consequently, the problem of computing interpolants in SMT has received a lot of interest in the last years (e.g.,
(Show Context)

An Interpolating Sequent Calculus for Quantifier-Free Presburger Arithmetic

by Angelo Brillout, Daniel Kroening, Thomas Wahl - In Proc. of IJCAR , 2010
"... Abstract. Craig interpolation has become a versatile tool in formal verification, for instance to generate intermediate assertions for safety analysis of programs. Interpolants are typically determined by annotat-ing the steps of an unsatisfiability proof with partial interpolants. In this paper, we ..."
Abstract - Cited by 25 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. Craig interpolation has become a versatile tool in formal verification, for instance to generate intermediate assertions for safety analysis of programs. Interpolants are typically determined by annotat-ing the steps of an unsatisfiability proof with partial interpolants. In this paper, we consider Craig interpolation for full quantifier-free Presburger arithmetic (QFPA), for which currently no efficient interpolation proce-dures are known. Closing this gap, we introduce an interpolating sequent calculus for QFPA and prove it to be sound and complete. We have extended the Princess theorem prover to generate interpolating proofs, and applied it to a large number of publicly available linear integer arith-metic benchmarks. The results indicate the robustness and efficiency of our proof-based interpolation procedure. 1
(Show Context)

TRACER: A Symbolic Execution Tool for Verification

by Joxan Jaffar, Vijayaraghavan Murali, Jorge A. Navas, Andrew, E. Santosa
"... Abstract. We present TRACER, a verifier for finite-state safety properties of sequential C programs. It is based on symbolic execution (SE) and its unique features are in how it makes SE finite in presence of unbounded loops and its uses of interpolants to tackle the path-explosion problem. 1 ..."
Abstract - Cited by 20 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We present TRACER, a verifier for finite-state safety properties of sequential C programs. It is based on symbolic execution (SE) and its unique features are in how it makes SE finite in presence of unbounded loops and its uses of interpolants to tackle the path-explosion problem. 1

Efficient Generation of Craig Interpolants in Satisfiability Modulo Theories

by Alessandro Cimatti, Alberto Griggio, Roberto Sebastiani
"... The problem of computing Craig Interpolants has recently received a lot of interest. In this paper, we address the problem of efficient generation of interpolants for some important fragments of first-order logic, which are amenable for effective decision procedures, called Satisfiability Modulo The ..."
Abstract - Cited by 19 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
The problem of computing Craig Interpolants has recently received a lot of interest. In this paper, we address the problem of efficient generation of interpolants for some important fragments of first-order logic, which are amenable for effective decision procedures, called Satisfiability Modulo Theory solvers. We make the following contributions. First, we provide interpolation procedures for several basic theories of interest: the theories of linear arithmetic over the rationals, difference logic over rationals and integers, and UTVPI over rationals and integers. Second, we define a novel approach to interpolate combinations of theories, that applies to the Delayed Theory Combination approach. Efficiency is ensured by the fact that the proposed interpolation algorithms extend state-ofthe-art algorithms for Satisfiability Modulo Theories. Our experimental evaluation shows that the MathSAT SMT solver can produce interpolants with minor overhead in search, and much more efficiently than other competitor solvers.

Hierarchical and modular reasoning in complex theories: The case of local theory extensions

by Viorica Sofronie-stokkermans - In Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Frontiers of Combining Systems (FroCos 2007), LNCS 4720 , 2007
"... Abstract. We present an overview of results on hierarchical and modular reasoning in complex theories. We show that for a special type of extensions of a base theory, which we call local, hierarchic reasoning is possible (i.e. proof tasks in the extension can be hierarchically reduced to proof tasks ..."
Abstract - Cited by 14 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We present an overview of results on hierarchical and modular reasoning in complex theories. We show that for a special type of extensions of a base theory, which we call local, hierarchic reasoning is possible (i.e. proof tasks in the extension can be hierarchically reduced to proof tasks w.r.t. the base theory). Many theories important for computer science or mathematics fall into this class (typical examples are theories of data structures, theories of free or monotone functions, but also functions occurring in mathematical analysis). In fact, it is often necessary to consider complex extensions, in which various types of functions or data structures need to be taken into account at the same time. We show how such local theory extensions can be identified and under which conditions locality is preserved when combining theories, and we investigate possibilities of efficient modular reasoning in such theory combinations. We present several examples of application domains where local theories and local theory extensions occur in a natural way. We show, in particular, that various phenomena analyzed in the verification literature can be explained in a unified way using the notion of locality. 1
(Show Context)

Ground interpolation for combined theories

by Amit Goel, Cesare Tinelli - Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Automated Deduction , 2009
"... Abstract. We give a method for modular generation of ground in-terpolants in modern SMT solvers supporting multiple theories. Our method uses a novel algorithm to modify the proof tree obtained from an unsatifiability run of the solver into a proof tree without occurrences of troublesome “uncolorabl ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We give a method for modular generation of ground in-terpolants in modern SMT solvers supporting multiple theories. Our method uses a novel algorithm to modify the proof tree obtained from an unsatifiability run of the solver into a proof tree without occurrences of troublesome “uncolorable ” literals. An interpolant can then be read-ily generated using existing procedures. The principal advantage of our method is that it places few restrictions (none for convex theories) on the search strategy of the solver. Consequently, it is straightforward to implement and enables more efficient interpolating SMT solvers. In the presence of non-convex theories our method is incomplete, but still more general than previous methods. 1
(Show Context)

Interpolation and symbol elimination

by Laura Kovács, Andrei Voronkov - Automated Deduction - CADE-22, 22nd International Conference on Automated Deduction. Proceedings. LNCS 5663 , 2009
"... Abstract. We prove several results related to local proofs, interpolation and superposition calculus and discuss their use in predicate abstraction and invariant generation. Our proofs and results suggest that symbol-eliminating inferences may be an interesting alternative to interpolation. 1 ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We prove several results related to local proofs, interpolation and superposition calculus and discuss their use in predicate abstraction and invariant generation. Our proofs and results suggest that symbol-eliminating inferences may be an interesting alternative to interpolation. 1
(Show Context)