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PortLand: A Scalable Fault-Tolerant Layer 2 Data Center Network Fabric
"... This paper considers the requirements for a scalable, easily manageable, fault-tolerant, and efficient data center network fabric. Trends in multi-core processors, end-host virtualization, and commodities of scale are pointing to future single-site data centers with millions of virtual end points. E ..."
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Cited by 69 (1 self)
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This paper considers the requirements for a scalable, easily manageable, fault-tolerant, and efficient data center network fabric. Trends in multi-core processors, end-host virtualization, and commodities of scale are pointing to future single-site data centers with millions of virtual end points. Existing layer 2 and layer 3 network protocols face some combination of limitations in such a setting: lack of scalability, difficult management, inflexible communication, or limited support for virtual machine migration. To some extent, these limitations may be inherent for Ethernet/IP style protocols when trying to support arbitrary topologies. We observe that data center networks are often managed as a single logical network fabric with a known baseline topology and growth model. We leverage this observation in the design and implementation of PortLand, a scalable, fault tolerant layer 2 routing and forwarding protocol for data center environments. Through our implementation and evaluation, we show that PortLand holds promise for supporting a “plug-and-play ” large-scale, data center network. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: communications; C.2.2 [Network Protocols]:
Report from the IAB workshop on routing and addressing
- In Internet-Draft
, 2007
"... This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document reports the outcome of the Routing and Addressing Workshop that was held by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) on October 18-19, 2 ..."
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Cited by 56 (3 self)
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This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document reports the outcome of the Routing and Addressing Workshop that was held by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) on October 18-19, 2006, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The primary goal of the workshop was to develop a shared understanding of the problems that the large backbone operators are facing regarding the scalability of today’s Internet routing system. The key workshop findings include an analysis of the major factors that are driving routing table growth, constraints in router technology, and the limitations of today’s Internet addressing architecture. It is hoped that these findings will serve as input to the IETF community and help identify next steps towards effective solutions.
A reality check for content centric networking
- In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop ICN’11
, 2011
"... Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a novel networking paradigm centered around content distribution rather than host-to-host connectivity. This change from host-centric to content-centric has several attractive advantages, such as network load reduction, low dissemination latency, and energy effici ..."
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Cited by 51 (4 self)
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Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a novel networking paradigm centered around content distribution rather than host-to-host connectivity. This change from host-centric to content-centric has several attractive advantages, such as network load reduction, low dissemination latency, and energy efficiency. However, it is unclear whether today’s technology is ready for the CCN (r)evolution. The major contribution of this paper is a systematic evaluation of the suitability of existing software and hardware components in today’s routers for the support of CCN. Our main conclusion is that a CCN deployment is feasible at a Content Distribution Network (CDN) and ISP scale, whereas today’s technology is not yet ready to support an Internet scale deployment.
Networking named content
- In CoNEXT ’09: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
, 2009
"... Network use has evolved to be dominated by content distribution and retrieval, while networking technology still can only speak of connections between hosts. Accessing content and services requires mapping from the what that users care about to the network’s where. We present Content-Centric Network ..."
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Cited by 40 (1 self)
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Network use has evolved to be dominated by content distribution and retrieval, while networking technology still can only speak of connections between hosts. Accessing content and services requires mapping from the what that users care about to the network’s where. We present Content-Centric Networking (CCN) which takes content as a primitive – decoupling location from identity, security and access, and retrieving content by name. Using new approaches to routing named content, derived heavily from IP, we can simultaneously achieve scalability, security and performance. We have implemented the basic features of our architecture and demonstrate resilience and performance with secure file downloads and VoIP calls. 1.
Securing network content
, 2009
"... The goal of the current Internet is to provide content of interest (Web pages, voice, video, etc.) to the users that need it. Access to that content is achieved using a communication model designed in terms of connections ..."
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Cited by 38 (2 self)
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The goal of the current Internet is to provide content of interest (Web pages, voice, video, etc.) to the users that need it. Access to that content is achieved using a communication model designed in terms of connections
VoCCN: Voice-over Content-Centric Networks
"... A variety of proposals call for a new Internet architecture focused on retrieving content by name, but it has not been clear that any of these approaches are general enough to support Internet applications like real-time streaming or email. We present a detailed description of a prototype implementa ..."
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Cited by 31 (1 self)
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A variety of proposals call for a new Internet architecture focused on retrieving content by name, but it has not been clear that any of these approaches are general enough to support Internet applications like real-time streaming or email. We present a detailed description of a prototype implementation of one such application – Voice over IP (VoIP) – in a content-based paradigm. This serves as a good example to show how content-based networking can offer advantages for the full range of Internet applications, if the architecture has certain key properties.
Illustrating a Publish-Subscribe Internet Architecture
"... Paradigm) project is an EU funded project aiming at developing and evaluating a clean slate architecture for the future Internet. PSIRP’s ambition is to provide a new form of internetworking which will offer the desired functionality, flexibility and performance, but will also support availability, ..."
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Cited by 31 (10 self)
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Paradigm) project is an EU funded project aiming at developing and evaluating a clean slate architecture for the future Internet. PSIRP’s ambition is to provide a new form of internetworking which will offer the desired functionality, flexibility and performance, but will also support availability, security, and mobility, as well as opportunities for innovative applications and new market opportunities. This paper illustrates PSIRP’s high level architecture, revealing its principles, core components and basic operations through example usage scenarios. While the focus of this paper is specifically on the operations within the PSIRP architecture, the revelation of the workings through our use cases can also be considered being useful to similar work on publish-subscribe architectures. Index Terms—Future Internet, clean slate, networking usage scenarios. 1.
Separating routing and forwarding: A clean-slate network layer design
- In Proc. IEEE Broadnets
, 2007
"... Abstract — We present a “clean-slate ” design for a network-layer routing and forwarding system intended to address short-comings of the current Internet Protocol. Our design separates routing from both forwarding and topology discovery; requires only a flat, topology-independent namespace; and allo ..."
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Cited by 17 (3 self)
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Abstract — We present a “clean-slate ” design for a network-layer routing and forwarding system intended to address short-comings of the current Internet Protocol. Our design separates routing from both forwarding and topology discovery; requires only a flat, topology-independent namespace; and allows for policies of both users and service providers to be supported. Channels serve as the primary abstraction, allowing the network topology to be viewed at multiple levels of abstraction using the same identifiers. In this paper we present the basic design, which is based on loose source routing. Our routing and forwarding scheme is part of a larger project to produce a “clean-slate” network layer design. I.
X-Vine: Secure and Pseudonymous Routing Using Social Networks
"... Distributed hash tables suffer from several security and privacy vulnerabilities, including the problem of Sybil attacks. Existing social network-based solutions to mitigate the Sybil attacks in DHT routing have a high state requirement and do not provide an adequate level of privacy. For instance, ..."
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Cited by 17 (3 self)
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Distributed hash tables suffer from several security and privacy vulnerabilities, including the problem of Sybil attacks. Existing social network-based solutions to mitigate the Sybil attacks in DHT routing have a high state requirement and do not provide an adequate level of privacy. For instance, such techniques require a user to reveal their social network contacts. We design X-Vine, a protection nmechanism for distributed hash tables that operates entirely by communicating over social network links. As with traditional peer-to-peer systems, X-Vine provides robustness, scalability, and a platform for innovation. The use of social network links for communication helps protect participant privacy and adds a new dimension of trust absent from previous designs. X-Vine is resilient to denial of service via Sybil attacks, and in fact is the first Sybil defense that requires only a logarithmic amount of state per node, making it suitable for large-scale and dynamic settings. X-Vine also helps protect the privacy of users social network contacts and keeps their IP addresses hidden from those outside of their social circle, providing a basis for pseudonymous communication. We first evaluate our design with analysis and simulations, using several real world large-scale social networking topologies. We show that the constraints of X-Vine allow the insertion of only a logarithmic number of Sybil identities per attack edge; we show this mitigates the impact of malicious attacks while not affecting the performance of honest nodes. Moreover, our algorithms are efficient, maintain low stretch, and avoid hot spots in the network. We validate our design with a PlanetLab implementation and a Facebook plugin.
A Survey of Information-Centric Networking Research
- PUBLISHED IN: COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS (TO APPEAR)
"... The current Internet architecture was founded upon a host-centric communication model, which was appropriate for coping with the needs of the early Internet users. Internet usage has evolved however, with most users mainly interested in accessing (vast amounts of) information, irrespective of its ph ..."
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Cited by 16 (2 self)
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The current Internet architecture was founded upon a host-centric communication model, which was appropriate for coping with the needs of the early Internet users. Internet usage has evolved however, with most users mainly interested in accessing (vast amounts of) information, irrespective of its physical location. This paradigm shift in the usage model of the Internet, along with the pressing needs for, among others, better security and mobility support, has led researchers into considering a radical change to the Internet architecture. In this direction, we have witnessed many research efforts investigating Information-Centric Networking (ICN) as a foundation upon which the Future Internet can be built. Our main aims in this survey are: (a) to identify the core functionalities of ICN architectures, (b) to describe the key ICN proposals in a tutorial manner, highlighting the similarities and differences among them with respect to those core functionalities, and (c) to identify the key weaknesses of ICN proposals and to outline the main unresolved research challenges in this area of networking research.
