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...vironments (e.g., their locations, the activities they are engaged in, and personal preferences) and provide more intelligent services. We call such kind of Web services context-aware services (CASs) =-=[12, 8, 4]-=-. A CAS provides users with a customized and personalized behaviour. For example, a dining-at-uni service gives users suggestions on where to have lunch in university’s campus, depending on their food...

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...hitecture that provides service selection based on a rating system for Web services. The work in [34] describes a framework that models user tasks as coalitions of abstract services. Keidl and Kemper =-=[37]-=- use the UDDI data model to provide context information about Web services. Doulkeridis et al. [7] provides a context model for mobile services based on a graph representation of context. 8. Conclusio...

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...ny services have the kinds of properties just cited: ability to respond based on a reasonable current state, and to handle out-of-order updates. The SSA is a good match for “personalization services (=-=[11]-=- [13] [15] [2]); these deal primarily with weakly consistent data, caching proxies, transformation proxies, and all sorts of services in which replies are intrinsically “noisy”, such as services that ...

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...nology for building innovative context-aware applications. Unfortunately, despite the active research into, and development of, Web services over the last few years, CASs are still difficult to build =-=[2, 6, 9]-=-. One reason for this difficulty is that current Web services standards, such as the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) [3], are not sufficient for d...

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...the introduction of context awareness in workflow systems has been mainly focused on Quality of Service management and on the adaptation to the user’s device; e.g., see (Benlismane et al., 2005) and (=-=Keidl and Kemper, 2004-=-), respectively. In contrast, little effort has been devoted to support contextawareness in composed applications whose business logic imposes the management of complex and longterm interactions with ...

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...n. 3. Related work Significant work has already been undertaken in the area of Grid-based workflow systems (see [25] for a survey). The focus of these workflow systems varies – ranging from specialist workflow editors/composition tools, and portal technologies to assess the current status of workflow execution, to semantic annotation tools that treat workflow as a planning problem [4]. The use of metadata to describe workflow elements and workflow graphs [15] is becoming more common as an aid to service discovery and selection. The ServiceGlobe environment implements dynamic service selection [9] within a context framework that maintains and manages information about the current service environment. Ontologies for describing services can also be used in service discovery. A framework and ontology for dynamic Web service selection is proposed in [13]. The OWL-S ontology [23] provides a description of services that can be used to map an abstract service to a specific service implementation [22]. Mathematical service discovery using a “matchmaking shell” that can be customised is described in [12]. The use of ontological reasoners may in the future play an important role in the discovery...

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... model [32]. 4.1 Context Model By the term “context”, we mean “information utilized by the web service to adjust execution and output to provide the client with a customized and personalized behavior”=-=[33]-=-. Since SBAs are operating in dynamic environments, variations of execution context lead to variations in QoS expectations. In this work, we propose a context-based approach for evaluating SBAs perfor...

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...y but the contextsdelivery mechanism only deals with the syntacticscomparison and does not utilize context information orssemantics of attributes in the search. Web services andsUDDI based approaches =-=[5]-=- provide a platformindependent mechanism for service description, discoverysand usage but it limits the flexibility and expressiveness insthe service descriptions to simple attributes: URL andsstring ...