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The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years
"... The suggestion that the body surface might be used as an additional means of presenting information to human-machine operators has been around in the literature for nearly 50 years. Although recent technological advances have made the possibility of using the body as a receptive surface much more re ..."
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The suggestion that the body surface might be used as an additional means of presenting information to human-machine operators has been around in the literature for nearly 50 years. Although recent technological advances have made the possibility of using the body as a receptive surface much more realistic, the fundamental limitations on the human information processing of tactile stimuli presented across the body surface are, however, still largely unknown. This literature review provides an overview of studies that have attempted to use vibrotactile interfaces to convey information to human operators. The importance of investigating any possible central cognitive limitations (i.e., rather than the peripheral limitations, such as related to sensory masking, that were typically addressed in earlier research) on tactile processing for the most effective design of body interfaces is highlighted. The applicability of the constraints emerging from studies of tactile processing under conditions of unisensory (i.e., purely tactile) stimulus presentation, to more ecologically valid conditions of multisensory stimulation, is also discussed. Finally, the results obtained from recent studies of tactile information processing under conditions of multisensory stimulation are described, and their implications for haptic/tactile interface design elucidated.
Detection and Localization of Vibrotactile Signals in Moving Vehicles
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
INTERRUPTING THE WORKPLACE:
, 2009
"... This dissertation focuses on the negative and positive outcomes of information and communication technology (ICT) in facilitating and reducing stress. The goals of this dissertation are twofold: 1) to deepen our understanding of how ICT-enabled interruptions influence individuals ’ episodic stress a ..."
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This dissertation focuses on the negative and positive outcomes of information and communication technology (ICT) in facilitating and reducing stress. The goals of this dissertation are twofold: 1) to deepen our understanding of how ICT-enabled interruptions influence individuals ’ episodic stress and 2) to examine whether ICTs may also be used to diminish stress evoked by ICT-enabled interruptions. Originating from psychology, the demands control model (Karasek, 1979) is used as an overarching theoretical lens to explain this technology-based duality, where technology serves as both a problem causing and a solution alleviating stress. The demands control model suggests that stressors have their greatest impact when control is low and demand stressors are high. This dissertation examined three characteristics of demands: the quantity of the ICT-enabled interruptions (quantitative demand), the variability of the ICT-enabled interruptions (demand variability), and the profile of the message (confounding or cooperating). To understand how to mitigate demands ’ outcomes, we examined three
Tactile Displays of Pulse Oximetry in Integrated and Separated Configurations
"... Vibrotactile displays have been trialled in a variety of cognitively demanding domains, including healthcare. Previous work suggests that vibrotactile displays can be used to inform clinicians of patient status, particularly when the displays are alarm-style alerts in surgical or critical care. The ..."
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Vibrotactile displays have been trialled in a variety of cognitively demanding domains, including healthcare. Previous work suggests that vibrotactile displays can be used to inform clinicians of patient status, particularly when the displays are alarm-style alerts in surgical or critical care. The goal of the present study is to evaluate how well a common measure of patient well-being—pulse oximetry—can be communicated via an upper-arm vibrotactile prototype. Pulse oximetry includes two important vital signs: heart rate and oxygen saturation. Two displays were tested in a between-subjects design: (1) the Separated display presented heart rate first, followed by oxygen saturation; and (2) the Integrated display communicated both vital signs simultaneously. Participants identified five ranges of heart rate and three levels of oxygen saturation with very high accuracy (>90%), regardless of display type. Although participants ’ identification accuracy improved marginally with practice, their initial high level of performance was achieved with minimal training. Findings will inform a broader program of research in which we aim to test whether vibrotactile displays might be useful as a part of multi-modal patient monitoring.
The Perceived Urgency of Tactile Patterns During
"... The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. Destroy this report when it is ..."
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The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.
Human Cognitive Performance in Healthcare Information System Environment and Its Application on Nursing Tasks
, 2013
"... To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Research Integrity and Copyright Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 20), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research ” and the use of copyrighted material. Approved by Maj ..."
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To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Research Integrity and Copyright Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 20), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research ” and the use of copyrighted material. Approved by Major Professor(s): ____________________________________
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"... Effects of four types of non-obtrusive feedback on computer behaviour, task performance and comfort ..."
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Effects of four types of non-obtrusive feedback on computer behaviour, task performance and comfort
Balancing Awareness and Interruption in Mobile Patrol using Context-Aware Notification
"... In mobile computing, a fundamental problem is maintaining awareness of the environment and of information presented as messages on a mobile device. In mobile police patrol, officers need to pay attention to their direct environment and stay informed of incidents elsewhere. To prevent unwanted interr ..."
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In mobile computing, a fundamental problem is maintaining awareness of the environment and of information presented as messages on a mobile device. In mobile police patrol, officers need to pay attention to their direct environment and stay informed of incidents elsewhere. To prevent unwanted interruption, a context-aware notification system adapts the timing and appearance of incident messages, based on user activity (available, in transit or busy) and message priority (high, normal or low). We evaluated the benefits and costs of adaptive notification compared to three uniform notification styles (presenting full messages, postponing messages or presenting indicators). Thirty-two trained student participants used a prototype notification system in a controlled mobile patrol task. The results were validated in a follow-up study with twenty-four police officers. We found that full messages elicited a quick, but sometimes incorrect response to incident messages, whereas with adaptive notification responses were slower but only for lower priority messages. The results are discussed in view of notification systems ’ design for mobile professionals.
A Formal Approach Supporting the Comparative Predic- tive Assessment of the Interruption-Tolerance of Interac- tive Systems
"... This paper presents an approach for investigating in a pre-dictive way potential disruptive effects of interruptions on task performance in a multitasking environment. The ap-proach combines previous work in the field of interruption analysis, formal description techniques for interactive sys-tems a ..."
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This paper presents an approach for investigating in a pre-dictive way potential disruptive effects of interruptions on task performance in a multitasking environment. The ap-proach combines previous work in the field of interruption analysis, formal description techniques for interactive sys-tems and stochastic processes to support performance anal-ysis of user activities constrained by the occurrence of in-terruptions. The approach uses formal description tech-niques to provide a precise description of user tasks, and both system and interruptions behavior. The detailed me-chanism by which systems and interruptions behave is first described using a Petri nets-based formal description tech-nique called Interactive Cooperative Objects (ICO). The use of a formal modeling technique for the description of these three components makes it possible to compare and analyze different interaction techniques. In particular, it allows us to determine which of the system states are most affected by the occurrence of interruptions. Once composed together, models describing the system, user tasks and in-terruptions behavior are transformed into PEPA models (i.e. Performance Evaluation Process Algebra) that are amenable to performance analysis using the PRISM model checker. The approach is exemplified by a simple example that models two interaction techniques for manipulating icons in a desktop environment. Keywords Model-Based approaches, formal description techniques, interruptions, performance evaluation. 1.
THE STATE OF THE ART AND THE STATE OF THE PRACTICE Effects of Alerts on Army Infantry Platoon Leader Decision Making and Performance Topics: C2 Experimentation, C2 Analysis, Cognitive Domain Issues
, 2006
"... Future U.S infantry capabilities, coupled with network-centric warfare concepts, will enable advancements in information distribution and display, and will provide a combat advantage. However, the distribution of large amounts of information, especially to the visual channel may result in informatio ..."
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Future U.S infantry capabilities, coupled with network-centric warfare concepts, will enable advancements in information distribution and display, and will provide a combat advantage. However, the distribution of large amounts of information, especially to the visual channel may result in information bottlenecks and cognitive overload. Utilizing other human senses such as audition and touch to convey information may help Soldiers manage information, thereby enhancing their performance on the battlefield. In this paper, we describe two studies focused on identifying techniques that aid information management and enhance situational awareness and decision making for operators of future Army Combat systems, specifically, the platoon leader in the infantry command and control vehicle. The first study examined the effects of unimodal alerts on platoon leader decision making and performance. The second study used redundant alerts. This paper emphasizes the background of the research, experimental design, results, and future directions. 1.0 Background
