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453
The Meme Machine
, 1999
"... Setting aside the problems of recognising consciousness in a machine, this article considers what would be needed for a machine to have human-like consciousness. Human-like consciousness is an illusion; that is, it exists but is not what it appears to be. The illusion that we are a conscious self ha ..."
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Cited by 381 (2 self)
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Setting aside the problems of recognising consciousness in a machine, this article considers what would be needed for a machine to have human-like consciousness. Human-like consciousness is an illusion; that is, it exists but is not what it appears to be. The illusion that we are a conscious self having a stream of experiences is constructed when memes compete for replication by human hosts. Some memes survive by being promoted as personal beliefs, desires, opinions and possessions, leading to the formation of a memeplex (or selfplex). Any machine capable of imitation would acquire this type of illusion and think it was conscious. Robots that imitated humans would acquire an illusion of self and consciousness just as we do. Robots that imitated each other would develop their own separate languages, cultures and illusions of self. Distributed seflplexes in large networks of machines are also possible. Unanswered questions include what remains of consciousness without memes, and whether artificial meme machines can ever transcend the illusion of self consciousness. I am going to set aside some of the major problems facing machine consciousness
A Survey of Socially Interactive Robots
, 2002
"... This paper reviews "socially interactive robots": robots for which social human-robot interaction is important. We begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the di#erent forms of "social robots". We ..."
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Cited by 305 (26 self)
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This paper reviews "socially interactive robots": robots for which social human-robot interaction is important. We begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the di#erent forms of "social robots". We then present a taxonomy of design methods and system components used to build socially interactive robots. Finally, we describe the impact of these these robots on humans and discuss open issues. An expanded version of this paper, which contains a survey and taxonomy of current applications, is available as a technical report[61].
Issues in Evolutionary Robotics
, 1992
"... In this paper we propose and justify a methodology for the development of the control systems, or `cognitive architectures', of autonomous mobile robots. We argue that the design by hand of such control systems becomes prohibitively difficult as complexity increases. We discuss an alternative a ..."
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Cited by 272 (33 self)
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In this paper we propose and justify a methodology for the development of the control systems, or `cognitive architectures', of autonomous mobile robots. We argue that the design by hand of such control systems becomes prohibitively difficult as complexity increases. We discuss an alternative approach, involving artificial evolution, where the basic building blocks for cognitive architectures are adaptive noise-tolerant dynamical neural networks, rather than programs. These networks may be recurrent, and should operate in real time. Evolution should be incremental, using an extended and modified version of genetic algorithms. We nally propose that, sooner rather than later, visual processing will be required in order for robots to engage in non-trivial navigation behaviours. Time constraints suggest that initial architecture evaluations should be largely done in simulation. The pitfalls of simulations compared with reality are discussed, together with the importance of incorporating noise. To support our claims and proposals, we present results from some preliminary experiments where robots which roam office-like environments are evolved.
Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Human-Computer Relationships
- ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER HUMAN INTERACTION
, 2005
"... This research investigates the meaning of ‘human-computer relationship’ and presents techniques for constructing, maintaining, and evaluating such relationships, based on research in social psychology, sociolinguistics, communication and other social sciences. Contexts in which relationships are par ..."
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Cited by 232 (44 self)
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This research investigates the meaning of ‘human-computer relationship’ and presents techniques for constructing, maintaining, and evaluating such relationships, based on research in social psychology, sociolinguistics, communication and other social sciences. Contexts in which relationships are particularly important are described, together with specific benefits (like trust) and task outcomes (like improved learning) known to be associated with relationship quality. We especially consider the problem of designing for longterm interaction, and define relational agents as computational artifacts designed to establish and maintain long-term social-emotional relationships with their users. We construct the first such agent, and evaluate it in a controlled experiment with 101 users who were asked to interact daily with an exercise adoption system for a month. Compared to an equivalent task-oriented agent without any deliberate social-emotional or relationshipbuilding skills, the relational agent was respected more, liked more, and trusted more, even after four weeks of interaction. Additionally, users expressed a significantly greater desire to continue working with the relational agent after the termination of the study. We conclude by discussing future directions for this research together with ethical and other ramifications of this work for HCI designers.
Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide
- Artificial Intelligence
, 2003
"... The nature of cognition is being re-considered. Instead of emphasizing formal operations on abstract symbols, the new approach foregrounds the fact that cognition is, rather, a situated activity, and suggests that thinking beings ought therefore be considered first and foremost as acting beings. The ..."
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Cited by 214 (15 self)
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The nature of cognition is being re-considered. Instead of emphasizing formal operations on abstract symbols, the new approach foregrounds the fact that cognition is, rather, a situated activity, and suggests that thinking beings ought therefore be considered first and foremost as acting beings. The essay reviews recent work in Embodied Cognition, provides a concise guide to its principles, attitudes and goals, and identifies the physical grounding project as its central research focus.
Emotion and sociable humanoid robots
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES
, 2003
"... This paper focuses on the role of emotion and expressive behavior in regulating social interaction between humans and expressive anthropomorphic robots, either in communicative or teaching scenarios. We present the scientific basis underlying our humanoid robot's emotion models and expressive b ..."
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Cited by 166 (9 self)
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This paper focuses on the role of emotion and expressive behavior in regulating social interaction between humans and expressive anthropomorphic robots, either in communicative or teaching scenarios. We present the scientific basis underlying our humanoid robot's emotion models and expressive behavior, and then show how these scientific viewpoints have been adapted to the current implementation. Our robot is also able to recognize affective intent through tone of voice, the implementation of which is inspired by the scientific findings of the developmental psycholinguistics community. We first evaluate the robot's expressive displays in isolation. Next, we evaluate the robot's overall emotive behavior (i.e. the coordination of the affective recognition system, the emotion and motivation systems, and the expression system) as it socially engages nave human subjects face-to-face.
Socially Assistive Robotics
- Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR-05
, 2005
"... The recent trend toward developing a new generation of robots that are capable of moving and acting in human-centered environments, interacting with people, and participating in our daily lives has introduced the ..."
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Cited by 134 (48 self)
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The recent trend toward developing a new generation of robots that are capable of moving and acting in human-centered environments, interacting with people, and participating in our daily lives has introduced the
Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation
- Proc. Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication
, 2003
"... A robot’s appearance and behavior provide cues to the robot’s abilities and propensities. We hypothesize that an appropriate match between a robot’s social cues and its task will improve people’s acceptance of and cooperation with the robot. In an experiment, people systematically preferred robots f ..."
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Cited by 98 (9 self)
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A robot’s appearance and behavior provide cues to the robot’s abilities and propensities. We hypothesize that an appropriate match between a robot’s social cues and its task will improve people’s acceptance of and cooperation with the robot. In an experiment, people systematically preferred robots for jobs when the robot’s humanlikeness matched the sociability required in those jobs. In two other experiments, people complied more with a robot whose demeanor matched the seriousness of the task. 1.
Learning From and About Others: Towards Using Imitation to Bootstrap the Social Understanding of Others by Robots
- Artificial Life
, 2005
"... We want to build robots capable of rich social interactions with humans, including natural communication and cooperation. This work explores how imitation as a social learning and teaching process may be applied to building socially intelligent robots, and summarizes our progress toward building a r ..."
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Cited by 90 (13 self)
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We want to build robots capable of rich social interactions with humans, including natural communication and cooperation. This work explores how imitation as a social learning and teaching process may be applied to building socially intelligent robots, and summarizes our progress toward building a robot capable of learning how to imitate facial expressions from simple imitative games played with a human, using biologically inspired mechanisms. Our approach is heavily influenced by the ways human infants learn to communicate with their caregivers and understand the actions of others in intentional terms. Among the key ideas that we draw from work on the development of human social intelligence, the most crucial is the hypothesis that in human infants, imitative interactions, starting with facial mimicry, are a significant stepping-stone in developing appropriate social behavior, learning to predict other’s actions, and ultimately, understanding the intensions of others. 1
