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47
A spatially explicit hierarchical approach to modeling complex ecological systems: theory and applications, Ecological Modeling
, 2002
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Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: scaling relations
, 2004
"... Landscape pattern is spatially correlated and scale-dependent. Thus, understanding landscape structure and func-tioning requires multiscale information, and scaling functions are the most precise and concise way of quantify-ing multiscale characteristics explicitly. The major objective of this study ..."
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Cited by 63 (8 self)
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Landscape pattern is spatially correlated and scale-dependent. Thus, understanding landscape structure and func-tioning requires multiscale information, and scaling functions are the most precise and concise way of quantify-ing multiscale characteristics explicitly. The major objective of this study was to explore if there are any scaling relations for landscape pattern when it is measured over a range of scales grain size and extent. The results showed that the responses of landscape metrics to changing scale fell into two categories when computed at the class level i.e., for individual land cover types: simple scaling functions and unpredictable behavior. Similarly, three categories were found at the landscape level, with the third being staircase pattern, in a previous study when all land cover types were combined together. In general, scaling relations were more variable at the class level than at the landscape level, and more consistent and predictable with changing grain size than with chang-ing extent at both levels. Considering that the landscapes under study were quite diverse in terms of both com-position and configuration, these results seem robust. This study highlights the need for multiscale analysis in order to adequately characterize and monitor landscape heterogeneity, and provides insights into the scaling of landscape patterns.
A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region
- Arizone, USA. Landscape Ecol
, 2002
"... Urbanization is arguably the most dramatic form of land transformation that profoundly influences biological diversity and human life. Quantifying landscape pattern and its change is essential for the monitoring and as-sessment of ecological consequences of urbanization. Combining gradient analysis ..."
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Cited by 59 (5 self)
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Urbanization is arguably the most dramatic form of land transformation that profoundly influences biological diversity and human life. Quantifying landscape pattern and its change is essential for the monitoring and as-sessment of ecological consequences of urbanization. Combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics, we attempted to quantify the spatial pattern of urbanization in the Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, USA. Several landscape metrics were computed along a 165 km long and 15 km wide transect with a moving window. The research was designed to address four research questions: How do different land use types change with distance away from the urban center? Do different land use types have their own unique spatial signatures? Can urban-ization gradients be detected using landscape pattern analysis? How do the urban gradients differ among land-scape metrics? The answers to these questions were generally affirmative and informative. The results showed that the spatial pattern of urbanization could be reliably quantified using landscape metrics with a gradient analy-sis approach, and the location of the urbanization center could be identified precisely and consistently with mul-tiple indices. Different land use types exhibited distinctive, but not necessarily unique, spatial signatures that were dependent on specific landscape metrics. The changes in landscape pattern along the transect have impor-tant ecological implications, and quantifying the urbanization gradient, as illustrated in this paper, is an important first step to linking pattern with processes in urban ecological studies.
Empirical patterns of the effects of changing scale on landscape metrics
, 2002
"... While ecologists are well aware that spatial heterogeneity is scale-dependent, a general understanding of scaling relationships of spatial pattern is still lacking. One way to improve this understanding is to systematically ex-amine how pattern indices change with scale in real landscapes of differ ..."
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Cited by 38 (3 self)
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While ecologists are well aware that spatial heterogeneity is scale-dependent, a general understanding of scaling relationships of spatial pattern is still lacking. One way to improve this understanding is to systematically ex-amine how pattern indices change with scale in real landscapes of different kinds. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate how a suite of commonly used landscape metrics respond to changing grain size, extent, and the direction of analysis (or sampling) using several different landscapes in North America. Our results showed that the responses of the 19 landscape metrics fell into three general categories: Type I metrics showed predictable responses with changing scale, and their scaling relations could be represented by simple scaling equations (linear, power-law, or logarithmic functions); Type II metrics exhibited staircase-like responses that were less predictable; and Type III metrics behaved erratically in response to changing scale, suggesting no con-sistent scaling relations. In general, the effect of changing grain size was more predictable than that of changing extent. Type I metrics represent those landscape features that can be readily and accurately extrapolated or in-terpolated across spatial scales, whereas Type II and III metrics represent those that require more explicit con-sideration of idiosyncratic details for successful scaling. To adequately quantify spatial heterogeneity, the metric-scalograms (the response curves of metrics to changing scale), instead of single-scale measures, seem necessary.
Review Scale Issues in Remote Sensing: A Review on Analysis, Processing and Modeling
, 2009
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Landscape change and the dynamics of open formations in a natural reserve
, 2006
"... Remote sensing, when used in conjunction with landscape pattern metrics, is a powerful method for the study of ecological dynamics at the landscape scale by means of multi-temporal analysis. In this paper, we examine temporal change in open formations in the natural reserve of Poggio all’Olmo (centr ..."
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Cited by 12 (3 self)
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Remote sensing, when used in conjunction with landscape pattern metrics, is a powerful method for the study of ecological dynamics at the landscape scale by means of multi-temporal analysis. In this paper, we examine temporal change in open formations in the natural reserve of Poggio all’Olmo (central Italy). This area has undergone rural depopulation and the cessation of traditional methods of agriculture, resulting in the subsequent re-establishment and spread of other vegetation formations. Aerial photographs taken in 1954, 1977 and 1998 were orthorectified and classified based on the physiognomic characteristics of the vegetation. An objective definition of the minimum mapping unit (MMU) was guaranteed by using vector format grids for this classification. We applied landscape pattern metrics based on landscape composition, the shape and size of patches and patch isolation. Our results demonstrate the key roles of shrubland, woodland and coniferous plantations in the ongoing fragmentation of open formations in the landscape. Multi-temporal landscape analyses, and, in particular, a restricted suite of landscape metrics, proved useful for detecting and quantitatively characterizing dynamic ecological processes. We conclude with some recommendations on the management alternatives feasible for the protection of the remaining grassland formations in the natural reserve of Poggio all’Olmo.
Modeling urban landscape dynamics: A case study in
- Urban Ecosystems
, 2004
"... Abstract. Urbanization has profoundly transformed many landscapes throughout the world, and the ecological consequences of this transformation are yet to be fully understood. To understand the ecology of urban systems, it is necessary to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of urbanization, wh ..."
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Cited by 10 (1 self)
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Abstract. Urbanization has profoundly transformed many landscapes throughout the world, and the ecological consequences of this transformation are yet to be fully understood. To understand the ecology of urban systems, it is necessary to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of urbanization, which often requires dynamic modeling and spatial analysis. In this paper, we describe an urban growth model, the Phoenix Urban Growth Model (PHX-UGM), illustrate a series of model calibration and evaluation methods, and present scenario-based simulation analyses of the future development patterns of the Phoenix metropolitan region. PHX-UGM is a spatially explicit urban landscape model and is a modified version of the Human-Induced Land Transformations (HILT) model originally developed for the San Francisco Bay Area. Using land use and other data collected for the Phoenix area, existing growth rules were selectively modified and new rules were added to help examine key ecological and social factors. We used multiple methods and a multi-scale approach for model calibration and evaluation. The results of the different evaluation methods showed that the model performed reasonably well at a certain range of spatial resolutions (120–480 m). When fine-scale data are available and when landscape structural details are desirable, the 120-m grain size should be used. However, at finer levels the noise and uncertainty in input data and the exponentially increased computational requirements would considerably reduce the usefulness and accuracy of the model. At the other extreme, model projections with too coarse a spatial resolution would be of little use at
Seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature
- in Indianapolis, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
, 2008
"... Abstract This paper intended to examine the seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature based on a case study of Indianapolis, United States. The integration of remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology methods was used in this study. Four Terra’s ..."
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Cited by 8 (3 self)
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Abstract This paper intended to examine the seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature based on a case study of Indianapolis, United States. The integration of remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology methods was used in this study. Four Terra’s ASTER images were used to derive the landscape patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) in four seasons in the study area. The spatial and ecological characteristics of landscape patterns and LSTs were examined by the use of landscape metrics. The impact of each land use and land cover type on LST was analyzed based on the measurements of landscape metrics. The results show that the landscape and LST patterns in the winter were unique. The rest of three seasons apparently had more agreeable landscape and LST patterns. The spatial configuration of each LST zone conformed to that of each land use and land cover type with more than 50% of overlap in area for all seasons. This paper may provide useful information for urban planers and environmental managers for assessing and monitoring urban thermal environments as result of urbanization.
Mapping of marine soft-sediment communities: integrated sampling for ecological interpretation
- Ecol. Appl
, 2004
"... Abstract. Increasingly, knowledge of broad-scale distribution patterns of populations, communities, and habitats of the seafloor is needed for impact assessment, conservation, and studies of ecological patterns and processes. There are substantial problems in directly transferring remote sensing ap ..."
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Cited by 8 (2 self)
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Abstract. Increasingly, knowledge of broad-scale distribution patterns of populations, communities, and habitats of the seafloor is needed for impact assessment, conservation, and studies of ecological patterns and processes. There are substantial problems in directly transferring remote sensing approaches from terrestrial systems to the subtidal marine environment because of differences in sampling technologies and interpretation. At present, seafloor remote assessments tend to produce habitats predominantly based on sediment type and textural characteristics, with benthic communities often showing a high level of variability relative to these habitat types. Yet an integration of information on both the physical features of the seafloor and its ecology would be appropriate in many applications. In this study, data collected from a multi-resolution nested survey of side-scan, single-beam sonar and video are used to investigate a bottom-up approach for integrating acoustic data with quantitative assessments of subtidal soft-sediment epibenthic communities. This approach successfully identified aspects of the acoustic data, together with environmental variables, that represented habitats with distinctly different epibenthic communities. The approach can be used, regardless of differences in data resolution, to determine location-and devicespecific relationships with the benthos. When such relationships can be successfully determined, marine ecologists have a tool for extrapolating from the more traditional smallscale sampling to the scales more appropriate for broad-scale impact assessment, management, and conservation.
