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Behavioral tradeoffs when dispersing across a patchy landscape. Oikos 108, 219–230. Literature cited
- Structure and Gap Light Transmission Indices from True-color Fisheye Photographs. Users Manual and Program Documentation, Version 2.0. Simon Fraser University and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Burnaby, British
, 2005
"... A better understanding of the behavior of dispersing animals will assist in determining the factors that limit their success and ultimately help improve the way dispersal is incorporated into population models. To that end, we used a simulation model to investigate three questions about behavioral t ..."
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A better understanding of the behavior of dispersing animals will assist in determining the factors that limit their success and ultimately help improve the way dispersal is incorporated into population models. To that end, we used a simulation model to investigate three questions about behavioral tradeoffs that dispersing animals might face: (i) speed of movement against risk of predation, (ii) speed of movement against foraging, and (iii) perceptual range against risk of predation. The first investigation demonstrated that dispersing animals can generally benefit by slowing from maximal speed to perform anti-predatory behavior. The optimal speed was most strongly influenced by the disperser’s energetic reserves, the risk of predation it faced, the interaction between these two parameters, and the effectiveness of its anti-predatory behavior. Patch arrangement and the search strategy employed by the dispersers had marginal effects on this tradeoff relative to the above parameters. The second investigation demonstrated that slowing movement to forage during dispersal may increase success and that optimum speed of dispersal was primarily a function of the dispersing animal’s energetic reserves, predation risk, and their interaction. The
Relationship Between Greenways and Ecological Network: A Case Study in Italy
"... ABSTRACT: Linear green infrastructures along rivers and canals serve different functions: Green corridors, or ecological network, maintain biological diversity, improve water quality, and provide areas for fauna and flora to grow and thrive. Greenways connect people with landscape resources and serv ..."
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ABSTRACT: Linear green infrastructures along rivers and canals serve different functions: Green corridors, or ecological network, maintain biological diversity, improve water quality, and provide areas for fauna and flora to grow and thrive. Greenways connect people with landscape resources and serve as recreational areas that are easy to use and accessible to the greatest number of potential human users. Both ecological networks and greenways are linear structures crossing the landscape, both perform a connecting function in that they are elements created for migration and movement (in one case of flora and fauna and in the other of humans), and both generally contain vegetation. Greenways can be divided into three major categories: ecological greenways, recreational greenways, and greenways with historical/cultural value. When an ecological greenway is planned and designed, human-wildlife conflicts must be minimised.
215 PUBLICATIONS 16,965 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE
, 2012
"... Tscharntke et al 2012 Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes- eight hypotheses ..."
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Tscharntke et al 2012 Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes- eight hypotheses
215 PUBLICATIONS 16,965 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE
"... and processes—eight hypotheses. Biol Rev ..."
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Université de Montréal
"... Utilisation du concept de connectivité en hydrologie Définitions, approches expérimentales et éléments de modélisation ..."
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Utilisation du concept de connectivité en hydrologie Définitions, approches expérimentales et éléments de modélisation
STRUCTURAL VERSUS FUNCTIONAL HABITAT CONNECTIVITY MEASURES TO EXPLAIN BIRD DIVERSITY IN FRAGMENTED ORCHARDS
, 2010
"... ABSTRACT Habitat connectivity plays a paramount role in the biodiversity of fragmented landscapes. Commonly, connectivity is measured using simple structural metrics, e.g. Euclidean distances between habitat patches. Recently, functional measures such as cost-distance metrics have been proposed. Co ..."
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ABSTRACT Habitat connectivity plays a paramount role in the biodiversity of fragmented landscapes. Commonly, connectivity is measured using simple structural metrics, e.g. Euclidean distances between habitat patches. Recently, functional measures such as cost-distance metrics have been proposed. Cost-distance metrics account for behavioural aspects of investigated organisms. They weight the habitats of the investigated landscape according to specific cost values, and model the optimal dispersal corridor according to these values. This study investigated i) if structural or functional connectivity measures explain biodiversity in a focal habitat better and ii) if the appropriateness of the measure differs between patch and landscape scale. We mapped the landscapes within a 500 m radius around 30 fragmented traditional orchards (focal patch). Connectivity measures were based on either Euclidean distances (structural) or cost-distances (functional) to other suitable habitat patches. Birds were used as biodiversity indicators. For analysis, we calculated species richness and total abundance of all species with a preference for woody habitats. In addition, abundances of four wood-preferring bird species were also examined individually. Linear models were created using stepwise forward selection. The relative performance of structural and functional connectivity measures was scale dependent. Structural metrics explained more variance at the patch scale whereas functional metrics explained more variance at the landscape scale. We conclude that simple structural metrics can be used to investigate local or small-scale effects on bird diversity but that investigations of landscape scale connectivity should consider behavioural aspects by using more complex functional metrics. The comparison between group and single species showed that not all individual species behave similarly to group results. Whilst the use of organism groups must be treated with caution, it is certainly worthy of future study.
Analytical and numerical tools for diffusion-based movement models
, 2007
"... This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author’s institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproductio ..."
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This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author’s institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
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"... Incorporating behavior-based indices of connectivity into spatially explicit population models C.E. Rizkalla and R.K. Swihart Abstract: Measuring connectivity in fragmented landscapes remains a central problem in ecology. Connectivity metrics range from descriptors of landscape structure to direct o ..."
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Incorporating behavior-based indices of connectivity into spatially explicit population models C.E. Rizkalla and R.K. Swihart Abstract: Measuring connectivity in fragmented landscapes remains a central problem in ecology. Connectivity metrics range from descriptors of landscape structure to direct observations of a species ’ ability to move to and colonize a forest patch. We constructed individual-based spatially explicit population models for a guild of forest rodents in Indiana to test the ability of structural and actual, or behavioral, measures of connectivity to predict patch and landscape occupancy and abundance. Model accuracy was assessed using comparisons with data from trapping studies. Predicted abundances within patches correlated with empirical data for five out of six species, but predicted patterns of patch occupancy corresponded with observations for only one species. Discrepancies may be due to inaccurate parameter values or the absence from the models of ecological processes such as conspecific attraction and competition. Nonetheless, the models demonstrated the utility of patch immigration as a measure of connectivity in explaining population abundance in fragmented landscapes. We discuss potential methods of collecting these behavior-based data. Résumé: La mesure de la connectivité dans les paysages fragmentés demeure l’un des problèmes principaux de l’écologie.
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Planning of Green Space Ecological Network in Urban Areas:
"... Abstract: Green space plays an important role in sustainable urban development and ecology by virtue of multiple environmental, recreational, and economic benefits. Constructing an effective and harmonious urban ecological network and maintaining a sustainable living environment in response to rapid ..."
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Abstract: Green space plays an important role in sustainable urban development and ecology by virtue of multiple environmental, recreational, and economic benefits. Constructing an effective and harmonious urban ecological network and maintaining a sustainable living environment in response to rapid urbanization are the key issues required to be resolved by landscape planners. In this paper, Nanchang City, China was selected as a study area. Based on a series of landscape metrics, the landscape pattern analysis of the current (in 2005) and planned (in 2020) green space system were, respectively, conducted by using FRAGSTATS 3.3 software. Considering the actual situation of the Nanchang urban area, a “one river and two banks, north and south twin cities ” ecological network was constructed by using network analysis. Moreover, the ecological network was assessed by using corridor structure analysis, and the improvement of an ecological network on the urban landscape was quantitatively assessed through a comparison between the ecological network and green space system planning. The results indicated that: (1) compared to the green space system in 2005, the planned green space system in 2020 of the Nanchang urban area will decline in both districts (Changnan and Changbei districts). Meanwhile, an increase in patch
Spiders
, 2014
"... Author’s personal copy Green corridors in urban landscapes affect the arthropod communities of domestic gardens ..."
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Author’s personal copy Green corridors in urban landscapes affect the arthropod communities of domestic gardens
