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140
TRCCIT: Tunable Reliability with Congestion Control for Information Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks
"... is to transport information from the network to the application/user. The evolvable application reliability requirements and the fluctuating perturbations lead to continuous deviation between the attained and desired reliability. Using an existing approach that guarantees a highest reliability is no ..."
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is to transport information from the network to the application/user. The evolvable application reliability requirements and the fluctuating perturbations lead to continuous deviation between the attained and desired reliability. Using an existing approach that guarantees a highest reliability is not appropriate for WSN as this over-provisioning wastes the most valuable resources, e.g., energy. In this paper, we present a new approach called as Tunable Reliability with Congestion Control for Information Transport (TRCCIT) in WSN. To provide probabilistically guaranteed tunable reliability TRCCIT implements localized techniques such as probabilistic adaptive retransmissions, hybrid acknowledgment and retransmission timer management. TRCCIT pro-actively alleviates the network congestion by opportunistically transporting the information on multiple paths. TRCCIT fulfills application reliability requirements in a localized way, which is desirable for scalability and adaptability to large scale WSNs. Simulation results show that TRCCIT provides tunable reliability and efficiently mitigates the congestion. I.
Dynamic Switching-based Data Forwarding for Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks
"... In this work, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Switch-based Forwarding (DSF) that optimizes the (i) expected data delivery ratio, (ii) expected communication delay, or (iii) expected energy consumption for low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks under unreliable communication links. DSF is desig ..."
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In this work, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Switch-based Forwarding (DSF) that optimizes the (i) expected data delivery ratio, (ii) expected communication delay, or (iii) expected energy consumption for low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks under unreliable communication links. DSF is designed for networks with possibly unreliable communication links and predetermined node communication schedules. To our knowledge, these are the most encouraging results to date in this new research direction. In this paper, DSF is evaluated with a theoretical analysis, extensive simulation, and physical testbed consisting of 20 MicaZ motes. Results reveal the remarkable advantage of DSF in extremely low duty-cycle sensor networks in comparison to three well-known solutions (ETX [1], PRR×D [2] and DESS [3]). We also demonstrate our solution defaults into ETX in always-awake networks and DESS in perfect-link networks.
Enhancing Real-Time delivery in wireless sensor Networks with Two-Hop information
- In IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol.5.No.2
, 2009
"... Abstract—A two-hop neighborhood information-based routing protocol is proposed for real-time wireless sensor networks. The approach of mapping packet deadline to a velocity is adopted as that in SPEED; however, our routing decision is made based on the novel two-hop velocity integrated with energy b ..."
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Abstract—A two-hop neighborhood information-based routing protocol is proposed for real-time wireless sensor networks. The approach of mapping packet deadline to a velocity is adopted as that in SPEED; however, our routing decision is made based on the novel two-hop velocity integrated with energy balancing mechanism. Initiative drop control is embedded to enhance energy utilization efficiency, while reducing packet deadline miss ratio. Simulation and comparison show that the new protocol has led to lower packet deadline miss ratio and higher energy efficiency than two existing popular schemes. The result has also indicated a promising direction in supporting real-time quality-of-service for wireless sensor networks. Index Terms—Deadline miss ratio, energy utilization efficiency, quality-of-service (QoS), real-time, two-hop information, wireless sensor networks (WSNs). I.
Congestion control for spatio-temporal data
- in Cyber-Physical Systems,” in Proc. of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
, 2010
"... Abstract—Data dissemination protocols in cyber-physical systems must consider the importance of data packets in protocol decisions. Importance of data cannot generally be accurately represented by a static priority value or deadline, but rather must stem from the dynamic state of the physical world. ..."
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Abstract—Data dissemination protocols in cyber-physical systems must consider the importance of data packets in protocol decisions. Importance of data cannot generally be accurately represented by a static priority value or deadline, but rather must stem from the dynamic state of the physical world. This paper presents a novel congestion control scheme for data collection applications that makes two key contributions. First, packet importance is measured by data contributions to the accuracy of estimating the monitored physical phenomenon. This leads to congestion control that minimizes estimation error. Second, our protocol employs a novel mechanism, i.e. spatial aggregation, in addition to temporal aggregation to control congestion. The protocol is generalized to multiple concurrent applications. Our approach employs different granularities of aggregation in transporting spatio-temporal data from nodes to a base station. The aggregation granularity is chosen locally based on the contribution of the transmitted data to the reconstruction of the phenomenon at the receiver. In an area affected by congestion, data are summarized more aggressively to reduce data transfer rate while introducing minimal error to the estimation of physical phenomena. We implement this scheme as a transport layer protocol in LiteOS running on MicaZ motes. Through experiments, we show that the proposed scheme eliminates congestion with an estimation error an order of magnitude smaller than traditional rate control approaches. I.
Mobile object tracking techniques in wireless sensor networks
- in Proc. Int. Conf. Ultra Modern Telecommun
, 2009
"... Abstract-Mobile object tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has gained much attention during recent years due to the special characteristics of these networks. Considering the wide application of tracking in WSNs, various problems of data aggregation, routing, scheduling and energy conservat ..."
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Abstract-Mobile object tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has gained much attention during recent years due to the special characteristics of these networks. Considering the wide application of tracking in WSNs, various problems of data aggregation, routing, scheduling and energy conservation have been revisited and new solutions have been proposed recently. Due to the importance of this topic and the availability of a significant body of literature, a detailed survey becomes necessary and useful at this stage. In this paper we present a survey of the state-of-the-art mobile object tracking techniques in WSNs. We give a definition for the general problem of object tracking and introduce challenges in designing an efficient object tracking sensor network (OTSN). We highlight the advantages and performance issues of the existing tracking methods and make a brief comparison based on the design parameters proposed. Finally, we will present open problems and the future works conceivable in this broad field of research.
A Constructing Schedules for Time-Critical Data Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks
"... Wireless sensor networks for industrial process monitoring and control require highly reliable and timely data delivery. To match performance requirements specialised schedule based medium access control (MAC) protocols are employed. In order to construct an efficient system it is necessary to find ..."
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Wireless sensor networks for industrial process monitoring and control require highly reliable and timely data delivery. To match performance requirements specialised schedule based medium access control (MAC) protocols are employed. In order to construct an efficient system it is necessary to find a schedule that can support the given application requirements in terms of data delivery latency and reliability. Furthermore, additional requirements such as transmission power may have to be taken into account when constructing the schedule. In this paper we show how such schedule can be constructed. We describe methods and tools to collect the data necessary as input for schedule calculation. Moreover, due to the high complexity of schedule calculation, we also introduce a heuristic. We evaluate the proposed methods in a real-world process automation and control application deployed in an oil refinery and further present a long-term experiment in an office environment. Additionally, we discuss a framework for schedule life-cycle management.
TREnD: a timely, reliable, energy-efficient and dynamic wsn protocol for control applications
- in Proceedings of the Information Communicatoin Conference
, 2010
"... Abstract—Control applications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require timely, reliable, and energy efficient communications. Cross-layer interaction is an essential design paradigm to exploit the complex interaction among the layers of the protocol stack and reach a maximum efficiency. Such a d ..."
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Abstract—Control applications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require timely, reliable, and energy efficient communications. Cross-layer interaction is an essential design paradigm to exploit the complex interaction among the layers of the protocol stack and reach a maximum efficiency. Such a design approach is challenging because reliability and latency of delivered packets and energy are at odds, and resource constrained nodes support only simple algorithms. In this paper, the TREnD protocol is introduced for control applications over WSNs in industrial environments. It is a cross-layer protocol that embraces efficiently routing algorithm, MAC, data aggregation, duty cycling, and radio power control. The protocol parameters are adapted by an optimization problem, whose objective function is the network energy consumption, and the constraints are the reliability and latency of the packets. TREnD uses a simple algorithm that allows the network to meet the reliability and latency required by the control application while minimizing for energy consumption. TREnD is implemented on a test-bed and compared to some existing protocols. Experimental results show good performance in terms of reliability, latency, low duty cycle, and load balancing for both static and time-varying scenarios. I.
Routing protocol for wireless sensor networks in home automation
- in Proceedings of the 8th IFAC International Conference on Fieldbuses & neTworks in Industrial & Embedded Systems (FeT ’09
, 2009
"... This paper proposed a novel RED protocol which takes the node’s energy into account depending on the length of the data packet. It also proposed a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with congestion control which imitates the ant colony foraging behavior. Sensor nodes choose routings accor ..."
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This paper proposed a novel RED protocol which takes the node’s energy into account depending on the length of the data packet. It also proposed a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with congestion control which imitates the ant colony foraging behavior. Sensor nodes choose routings according to the pheromone density. The experiment result shows that the algorithm balances the energy consumption of each node. It mitigated congestion effectively with the proposed routing protocol.
Availability and End-to-end Reliability in Low Duty Cycle Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks
, 2009
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QEMPAR: QoS and energy aware multi-path routing algorithm for real-time applications in wireless sensor networks
- Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues
, 2011
"... Enabling real time applications in wireless sensor networks requires certain delay and bandwidth which pose more challenges in the design of routing protocols. The algorithm that is used for packet routing in such applications should be able to establish a tradeoff between end to end delay parameter ..."
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Enabling real time applications in wireless sensor networks requires certain delay and bandwidth which pose more challenges in the design of routing protocols. The algorithm that is used for packet routing in such applications should be able to establish a tradeoff between end to end delay parameter and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new multi path routing algorithm for real time applications in wireless sensor networks namely QEMPAR which is QoS aware and can increase the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than previous algorithms in providing quality of service requirements of real-time applications.
