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14
The Language of Social Software
, 2009
"... Computer software is written in languages like C, Java or Haskell. In many cases social software is written in natural language. The talk will explore connections between the areas of natural language analysis and social software. ..."
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Computer software is written in languages like C, Java or Haskell. In many cases social software is written in natural language. The talk will explore connections between the areas of natural language analysis and social software.
Guardianship For Crime Prevention: A Critical Review Of The Literature
- Crime, Law and Social Change
, 2011
"... (4):588–608, 1979) routine activity theory posits that for a crime to occur three necessary elements must converge in time and space: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardianship. Capable guardians can serve as a key actor in the crime event model; one who can disru ..."
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(4):588–608, 1979) routine activity theory posits that for a crime to occur three necessary elements must converge in time and space: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardianship. Capable guardians can serve as a key actor in the crime event model; one who can disrupt, either directly or indirectly, the interaction between a motivated offender and a suitable target. This article critically reviews the literature on guardianship for crime prevention. Our specific focus is two-fold: (1) to review the way guardianship has been operationalized and measured, and (2) to review experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations and field tests of guardianship. Research on routine activities has had an uneven focus resulting in the neglect of the guardianship component (Reynald Crime
Psychology in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by
, 2014
"... Gender roles are important in our society. Until recently gender roles have been relatively rigid, however currently many people are not tied to rigid gender roles. Helping behavior is a very important aspect of modern society. This research studied 3 hypotheses to examine the relationship of gender ..."
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Gender roles are important in our society. Until recently gender roles have been relatively rigid, however currently many people are not tied to rigid gender roles. Helping behavior is a very important aspect of modern society. This research studied 3 hypotheses to examine the relationship of gender roles, life experiences, personality, and helping behavior intention. It was hypothesized regardless of sex, masculine individuals help more in dangerous helping situations, and feminine individuals help more in emotional situations. Also it was hypothesized students who are nontraditional or have more titles / life responsibilities will be more androgynous than traditional students with less life responsibilities. This causes them to help more and not show any difference in type of helping situation they participate in. Finally I hypothesized that personality is also a factor in our helping choices. The results show some statistical trends of behavior rather than outlining new behaviors. An interesting trend that was uncovered is that females are helped first in both dangerous and emotional situations, while men are helped last if it is an
On Collective Rational Action Jan van Eijck
"... A sociologist is visiting, on a mission to discuss the problem of collective rational action. The other participants are our familiar protagonists: logician, computer scientist, philosopher. Two other project visitors, an economist and a game theorist, have joined the discussion out of curiosity. Th ..."
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A sociologist is visiting, on a mission to discuss the problem of collective rational action. The other participants are our familiar protagonists: logician, computer scientist, philosopher. Two other project visitors, an economist and a game theorist, have joined the discussion out of curiosity. The computer scientist has brought his laptop, with wireless internet connection. Sociologist: Nice project you’ve got going here guys. A pity your project description fails to mention sociology as a relevant discipline. After all, the problem of collective rationality is a key issue in my field. Computer Scientist: When the project description talks about “the social sciences”, it is also meant to encompass sociology, of course. We are very glad you are visiting us, and you’re most welcome to join our discussion. Philosopher: The problem of collective rationality has been a key issue in philosophy for more than two millennia. Aristotle discusses it at length, in the Politics. Computer Scientist: (Looking at his laptop.) Wait, let me google for a quote.
suicide in front of his webcam by taking an overdose of prescription medication.
"... Abstract In 2008 a young man committed suicide while his webcam was running. 1,500 people apparently watched as the young man lay dying: when people finally made an effort to call the police, it was too late. This closely resembles the case of Kitty Genovese in 1964, where 39 neighbours supposedly w ..."
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Abstract In 2008 a young man committed suicide while his webcam was running. 1,500 people apparently watched as the young man lay dying: when people finally made an effort to call the police, it was too late. This closely resembles the case of Kitty Genovese in 1964, where 39 neighbours supposedly watched an attacker assault and did not call until it was too late. This paper examines the role of internet mediation in cases where people may or may not have been good Samaritans and what their responsibilities were. The method is an intuitive one: intuitions on the various potentially morally relevant differences when it comes to responsibility between offline and online situations are examined. The number of onlookers, their physical nearness and their anonymity have no moral relevance when it comes to holding them responsible. Their perceived reality of the situation and ability to act do have an effect on whether we can hold people responsible, but this doesn’t seem to be unique to internet mediation. However the way in which those factors are intrinsically connected to internet mediation does seem to have a diminishing effect
On the Optimality of a Duty-to-Rescue Rule and the Bystander Effect
, 1997
"... The majority American rule on omissions is that there is no legal duty to rescue persons in danger. By contrast, the New French Penal Code and most Western European civil laws impose a duty to aid persons in danger. Which system is better? What does “better” mean in that context? To address these is ..."
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The majority American rule on omissions is that there is no legal duty to rescue persons in danger. By contrast, the New French Penal Code and most Western European civil laws impose a duty to aid persons in danger. Which system is better? What does “better” mean in that context? To address these issues, we combine a gametheoretic model inspired from that of Osborne (2004) with the model of Hasen (1995) and we rely on the fact that a witness may wish above all to avoid the embarrassment suffered because of a misinterpretation of the situation. We show that a duty-to-rescue rule is more likely to be optimal when the cost of the embarrassment is low. In addition, we show that, when encouraging would-be rescuers is possible, it is always preferable to do so rather than to rely on a duty-to-rescue rule. JEL Classification: C72-K00
1 Groups, Identities and Bystander Behavior: How Group Processes Can Be Used to Promote Helping.
"... The brutal rape and murder of Kitty Genovese in New York in 1964 has come to dominate the intellectual landscape of research on the psychology of emergency intervention. The story of the 38 bystanders who witnessed events from their apartment windows and did nothing to ..."
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The brutal rape and murder of Kitty Genovese in New York in 1964 has come to dominate the intellectual landscape of research on the psychology of emergency intervention. The story of the 38 bystanders who witnessed events from their apartment windows and did nothing to
The British Psychological Society
"... www.bpsjournals.co.uk The implicit identity effect: Identity primes, group size, and helping ..."
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www.bpsjournals.co.uk The implicit identity effect: Identity primes, group size, and helping
