Results 1 - 10
of
35
Intergenerational Transmission of Fertility Patterns
- Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics
, 2009
"... Recent studies by economists exploring the nexus between culture and fertility have focused on cultural transmission from the origin country rather than the origin family. Our paper extends this avenue of research by investigating how family-specific ‘cultural transmission ’ can affect fertility rat ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 15 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Recent studies by economists exploring the nexus between culture and fertility have focused on cultural transmission from the origin country rather than the origin family. Our paper extends this avenue of research by investigating how family-specific ‘cultural transmission ’ can affect fertility rates. In this context, we define ‘culture ’ as referring to intra-family norms, and ‘cultural transmission ’ refers to the transfer of these norms across generations within a family. We also allow for peer-group influences through the inclusion of controls for age cohorts and for non-English speaking country of birth. Following the methodology of Miranda (2005) and Machado and Santos Silva (2005), we estimate count data quantile regression models. Using unique data from the British Household Panel Survey, we find that a woman’s origin-family size is positively associated with her own completed fertility in the destination family and that her country of birth also matters. The effect of origin family size increases as we move from the lower to the upper tail of the conditional fertility distribution. For a sub-sample of continuously partnered men and women, both partners ’ origin-family sizes significantly affect destinationfamily fertility. Our findings are robust to a number of specification checks.
Sex-Selective Abortions, Fertility, and Birth Spacing." Policy Research working paper ; WPS 7189
"... bl ..."
The Determinants of Child Labor: Theory and Evidence
- Research Seminar in International Economics Discussion Paper Series, University of Michigan. Discussion Paper No. 486
, 2002
"... The specter of small children toiling long hours under dehumanizing conditions has precipitated an intense debate concerning child labor over the past decade and a half. As during the midst of the 19 th century industrial revolution, policymakers and the public have attempted to come to grips with t ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 9 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The specter of small children toiling long hours under dehumanizing conditions has precipitated an intense debate concerning child labor over the past decade and a half. As during the midst of the 19 th century industrial revolution, policymakers and the public have attempted to come to grips with the causes and consequences of child labor.
Decision-making by children
- Review of Economics of the Household
, 2009
"... Abstract. In this paper, we examine the determinants of decision-making power by children and young adolescents. Moving beyond previous economic models that treat children as goods consumed by adults, we develop a noncooperative model of parental control of child behavior and child resistance. Using ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 8 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract. In this paper, we examine the determinants of decision-making power by children and young adolescents. Moving beyond previous economic models that treat children as goods consumed by adults, we develop a noncooperative model of parental control of child behavior and child resistance. Using child reports of decision-making and psychological and cognitive measures from the NLSY79 Child Supplement, we examine the determinants of shared and sole decision-making based on indices created from seven domains of child activity. We find that the determinants of sole decision-making by the child and shared decision-making with parents are quite distinct: sharing decisions appears to be a form of parental investment in child development rather than a simple stage in the transfer of authority. In addition, we find that indicators of child capabilities and preferences affect reports of decision-making authority in ways that suggest child demand for autonomy as well as parental discretion in determining these outcomes. We gratefully acknowledge comments from participants in the AEA session “Bargaining in Families ” at the 2005 ASSA meetings in Philadelphia, PA and from seminar participants at Cornell University, UCLA, UW, Washington
Leveling the Intra-household Playing Field: Compensation and Specialization in Child Labor Allocation
, 2009
"... This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences, as t ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 6 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences, as they reduce child labor more for older boys who used to work more and for boys that were further behind in school. The results also show that households that randomly received a productive investment grant targeted at women, in addition to the basic conditional cash transfer benefits, show an increased specialization of older girls in nonagricultural and domestic work, but no overall increase in girls ’ child labor. The findings suggest that time allocation and specialization patterns in child labor within the household are important factors to understand the impact of a social program.
Have the poor always been less likely to migrate? Evidence from inheritance practices during the Age of Mass Migration
- Journal of Development Economics
, 2013
"... History. We are grateful to Ancestry.com and to FamilySearch.com (especially to Stephen Valentine) for allowing us access to census and other historical records. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 4 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
History. We are grateful to Ancestry.com and to FamilySearch.com (especially to Stephen Valentine) for allowing us access to census and other historical records. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.
The effects on stature of poverty, family size and birth order
- British children in the 1930s,” Oxford Economic Papers
, 2010
"... The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 3 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit
of LaborExplaining the Birth Order Effect: The Role of Prenatal and Early Childhood Investments
, 2012
"... Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international resear ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be
2007a) ‘Does Money Matter? The Effect of Private Educational Expenditures on Academic Performance
"... The causal relationship between educational investments and student outcomes continues to attract attention. The majority of studies have examined the effectiveness of public school expenditures on student outcomes. This paper attempts to shed light on the impacts of educational inputs by examining ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The causal relationship between educational investments and student outcomes continues to attract attention. The majority of studies have examined the effectiveness of public school expenditures on student outcomes. This paper attempts to shed light on the impacts of educational inputs by examining a private educational investment—private tutoring that is widely employed by South Korean parents as a supplement to public school education. To deal with the endogeneity of private tutoring expenditures, the paper relies on instrumental variables (IV) methods, exploiting a student’s birth order as a source of identification. Based on the IV methods, the paper shows that a 10 percent increase in expenditure leads to a 0.56 percentile point improvement in test score. Such an estimated effect is modest and comparable to the effect of public school expenditures on earnings estimated by previous studies.
Birth Order, Child Labor and Schooling: Theory and Evidence from Cameroon
, 2007
"... Abstract This paper examines determinants of child labor and schooling with a special emphasis on birth order and sibling age structure. We present a theoretical model accounting for the dynamics of birth order and its interaction with credit constraints. We show that poor -credit-constrained -pare ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract This paper examines determinants of child labor and schooling with a special emphasis on birth order and sibling age structure. We present a theoretical model accounting for the dynamics of birth order and its interaction with credit constraints. We show that poor -credit-constrained -parents send their elder children to work relatively more. Since …rst borns are the only available source of additional income when constraints on resources become more binding, they work more and end up with a lower level of human capital compared to their younger siblings. On the other hand, wealthier parents do not discriminate between their children on the basis of birth order. We test these predictions on the 2001 Cameroon Household Survey database. Controlling for household …xed e¤ects, gender and age, our results con…rm that later-born children's educational levels are relatively higher. Wealthier households do not make use of birth order to discriminate between children's education levels. These results are robust to various measures of the birth order. JEL Classi…cations: C23, D13, I29, O12
