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132
The distant core: social solidarity, social distance and interpersonal ties in core-periphery structures
- Social Networks
, 2001
"... We examine three hypotheses at the foundation of theories concerned with the organization of social space and social solidarity in differentiated groups. The most important of these hypotheses is that interpersonal ties between actors in different positions of a social structure foster social solida ..."
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We examine three hypotheses at the foundation of theories concerned with the organization of social space and social solidarity in differentiated groups. The most important of these hypotheses is that interpersonal ties between actors in different positions of a social structure foster social solidarity; however, the theories are silent on the question of whether this effect of interpersonal ties is maintained regardless of the distance that separates the positions of two actors in the group’s social space. In addition, the current zeitgeist on the organization of social space hypothesizes that interpersonal solidarity and ties are negatively associated with the distance that separates the posi-tions of actors in social space. Although interpersonal ties foster solidarity, social distance reduces the likelihood of interpersonal ties and solidarity. Our evidence suggests unqualified support only for the first hypothesis. Surprisingly, the expected negative effects of social distance on interper-sonal ties and solidarity appear to be properties of particular forms of social organization and are not ubiquitous implications of social differentiation. These negative effects are more or less pro-nounced (even reversible) in core–periphery structures depending upon the distance between the core and peripheral positions in the social space of the group. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The evolution of intra-organizational trust networks
- International sociology
, 2005
"... The online version of this article can be found at: ..."
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The online version of this article can be found at:
The Communication of Meaning in Anticipatory Systems: A Simulation Study of the Dynamics of Intentionality in Social Interactions
"... Psychological and social systems provide us with a natural domain for the study of anticipations because these systems are based on and operate in terms of intentionality. Psychological systems can be expected to contain a model of themselves and their environments; social systems can be strongly an ..."
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Psychological and social systems provide us with a natural domain for the study of anticipations because these systems are based on and operate in terms of intentionality. Psychological systems can be expected to contain a model of themselves and their environments; social systems can be strongly anticipatory and therefore co-construct their environments, for example, in techno-economic (co-)evolutions. Using Dubois’s hyper-incursive and incursive formulations of the logistic equation, these two types of systems and their couplings can be simulated. In addition to their structural coupling, psychological and social systems are also coupled by providing meaning reflexively to each other’s meaning-processing. Luhmann’s distinctions among (1) interactions between intentions at the micro-level, (2) organization at the meso-level, and (3) self-organization of the fluxes of meaningful communication at the global level can be modeled and simulated using three hyper-incursive equations. The global level of self-organizing interactions among fluxes of communication is retained at the meso-level of organization. In a knowledge-based economy, these two levels of anticipatory structuration can be expected to propel each other at the supra-individual level.
The university-industry knowledge relationship: Analyzing patents and the science base of technologies
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
, 2004
"... Via the Internet, information scientists can obtain cost-free access to large databases in the “hidden ” or “deep web. ” These databases are often structured far more than the Internet domains themselves. The patent database of the U.S. Patent and Trade Office is used in this study to examine the sc ..."
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Via the Internet, information scientists can obtain cost-free access to large databases in the “hidden ” or “deep web. ” These databases are often structured far more than the Internet domains themselves. The patent database of the U.S. Patent and Trade Office is used in this study to examine the science base of patents in terms of the literature references in these patents. University-based patents at the global level are compared with results when using the national economy of the Netherlands as a system of reference. Methods for accessing the on-line databases and for the visualization of the results are specified. The conclusion is that “biotechnology ” has historically generated a model for theorizing about university-industry relations that cannot easily be generalized to other sectors and disciplines. 1 I would like to thank Andrea Scharnhorst for comments on a previous draft of this paper. 1.
Metaphors and diaphors in science communication: Mapping the case of ‘stem-cell research
- Science Communication
, 2005
"... “Stem-cell research ” has become a subject of political discussion in recent years because of its social and ethical implications. The intellectual research program, however, has a history of several decades. Therapeutic applications and patents on the basis of stem-cell research became available du ..."
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“Stem-cell research ” has become a subject of political discussion in recent years because of its social and ethical implications. The intellectual research program, however, has a history of several decades. Therapeutic applications and patents on the basis of stem-cell research became available during the 1990s. Currently, the main applications of stem-cell research are found in marrow transplantation (e.g., for the treatment of leukemia). In this study, the various meanings of the words “stem cell ” are examined in these different contexts of research, applications, and policy debates. Translation mechanisms between contexts are specified and a quantitative indicator for the degree of codification is proposed.
The knowledge-based economy and the Triple Helix model
"... 2. The Triple Helix as a model of the knowledge-based economy......................................................... 3 3. Knowledge as a social coordination mechanism.................................................................................8 4. Neo-evolutionary dynamics in a Triple Helix of ..."
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2. The Triple Helix as a model of the knowledge-based economy......................................................... 3 3. Knowledge as a social coordination mechanism.................................................................................8 4. Neo-evolutionary dynamics in a Triple Helix of coordination mechanism...................................... 12
Applying organizational research to public school reform: The effects of teacher human and social capital on student performance. Academy of Management Journal
, 2009
"... We investigated the effects of teacher human and social capital on growth in student performance in a sample of 1,013 teachers organized into 239 grade teams. We found that teacher human capital that is specific to a setting and task, and some indicators of teacher social capital, predicted student ..."
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We investigated the effects of teacher human and social capital on growth in student performance in a sample of 1,013 teachers organized into 239 grade teams. We found that teacher human capital that is specific to a setting and task, and some indicators of teacher social capital, predicted student performance improvement. At the team level, average educational attainment and horizontal tie strength were significant predictors of student improvement. We provide some evidence that team horizontal tie strength and density moderate the relationship between teacher ability and student perfor-mance. Implications of our multilevel analysis for theory, research, and policy are discussed. Public schools are organizations in which both intellectual and informational processes are impor-tant drivers of performance. The quality of public education has enormous civic and economic con-sequences and requires large public investments to maintain. In the United States, urban public schools are in trouble by virtually any measure (Schneider & Keesler, 2007). Beginning with the
Economic sociology and the social problem of energy inefficiency
- American Behavioral Scientist
, 2007
"... The rebirth of economic sociology in the last decades of the 20th century was largely about intellectual identity formation and developing theoretical foundations. The authors argue that economic sociology is poised to make a contribution to the under-standing and solution of social problems. They u ..."
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The rebirth of economic sociology in the last decades of the 20th century was largely about intellectual identity formation and developing theoretical foundations. The authors argue that economic sociology is poised to make a contribution to the under-standing and solution of social problems. They use the example of energy inefficiency in the commercial buildings industry to suggest that economic sociology offers useful alternatives to current economic-based policy analyses.
Quantitative methods for studying social context in multilevels and through interpersonal relations
- Review of Research in Education
, 1998
"... The online version of this article can be found at: Published on behalf of ..."
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The online version of this article can be found at: Published on behalf of
The Construction and Globalization of the Knowledge Base in Inter-Human Communication Systems
- Canadian Journal of Communication
, 2003
"... The relationship between the “knowledge base ” and the “globalization ” of communication systems is discussed from the perspective of communication theory. I argue that inter-human communication takes place at two levels. At the first level information is exchanged and provided with meaning and at t ..."
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The relationship between the “knowledge base ” and the “globalization ” of communication systems is discussed from the perspective of communication theory. I argue that inter-human communication takes place at two levels. At the first level information is exchanged and provided with meaning and at the second level meaning can reflexively be communicated. Human language can be considered as the evolutionary achievement which enables us to use these two channels of communication simultaneously. Providing meaning from the perspective of hindsight is a recursive operation: a meaning that makes a difference can be considered as knowledge. If the production of knowledge is socially organized, the perspective of hindsight can further be codified. This adds globalization to the historically stabilized patterns of communications. Globalization can be expected to transform the communications in an evolutionary mode. However, the self-organization of a knowledge-based society remains an expectation with the status of a hypothesis.
