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Critical Topics in Global Warming: Supplementary Analysis of the Independent Summary for Policymakers
, 2009
"... The sun affects our climate in direct and indirect ways. The sun changes in its activity on timescales that vary from 11, 22, 80, and 180 years and more. A more active sun is brighter due to the dominance of faculae over cooler sunspots; in this way, the irradiance emitted by the sun and received by ..."
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The sun affects our climate in direct and indirect ways. The sun changes in its activity on timescales that vary from 11, 22, 80, and 180 years and more. A more active sun is brighter due to the dominance of faculae over cooler sunspots; in this way, the irradiance emitted by the sun and received by the Earth is higher during active solar periods than during quiet solar periods. The amount of change of the total solar irradiance (TSI) during the course of an 11-year cycle, based on satellite measurements since 1978, is about 0.1%. This was first discovered by Willson and Hudson (1991) from the results of the SMM/ACRIM1 experiment, and was later confirmed by Fröhlich and Lean (1998). This finding has caused many to conclude that the solar effect on climate is negligible; however, many questions still remain about the actual mechanisms involved and the sun’s variance on century and longer timescales. The irradiance reconstructions of Hoyt and Schatten (1997); Lean et
Atmospheric Sciences in the Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric
"... There is enough not known and enough incompletely understood complexity in the Earth-Atmosphere system that many scientists count themselves as skeptics regarding humans playing a large role in the current climate change. ..."
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There is enough not known and enough incompletely understood complexity in the Earth-Atmosphere system that many scientists count themselves as skeptics regarding humans playing a large role in the current climate change.
Are
, 2006
"... there connections between the Earth's magnetic field and climate? ..."
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www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Climate cyclicity in late Holocene anoxic marine sediments from the Seymour–Belize Inlet Complex, British Columbia
, 2007
"... An 8.72 m late Holocene sediment core (VEC02A07) obtained from Alison Sound in the Belize–Seymour Inlet Complex of central British Columbia, Canada was deposited between ∼3500–1000 yr BP under primarily anoxic marine conditions. This core contains a detailed cyclic record of land–sea interactions as ..."
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An 8.72 m late Holocene sediment core (VEC02A07) obtained from Alison Sound in the Belize–Seymour Inlet Complex of central British Columbia, Canada was deposited between ∼3500–1000 yr BP under primarily anoxic marine conditions. This core contains a detailed cyclic record of land–sea interactions as evidenced by significant fluctuations in marine primary productivity and changes in the supply of terrigenous material that can be related to long term variation in the relative influence of the Aleutian Low (AL) and North Pacific High (NPH). Sedimentologically, the core is characterized by alternating intervals of fine-grained massive intervals (70%), laminated intervals (23%), turbidites (5%) and graded silt–clay layers (2%). The laminated intervals are comprised of couplets that vary between light-coloured, diatom-rich layers, deposited primarily during the summer months, and dark-coloured, mineral-rich layers deposited during winter. Laminated couplets are most common in portions of the core deposited between ∼3150 and 2700 yr BP, which corresponds to an episode of regional neoglaciation. Time-series analysis was carried out on high-resolution particle size measurements obtained from core sub-samples and on sediment grey-scale colour variability derived from X-ray scans of the core. Non-linear time-series analyses revealed that the succession of massive and laminated sedimentation displayed characteristics of self-organization following a power law relationship for core length segments of b13 cm (b∼50 years of deposition). Wavelet and spectral time-series analysis indicated
The Key Factor in Life Evolution
, 2005
"... Abstract: Both the emergence and the evolution of life on a planet is favored by the existence of suitable environmental conditions, which are in turn determined by the interplay of factors intrinsic to the planet itself and factors driven by energetic inputs originated in the interplanetary space a ..."
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Abstract: Both the emergence and the evolution of life on a planet is favored by the existence of suitable environmental conditions, which are in turn determined by the interplay of factors intrinsic to the planet itself and factors driven by energetic inputs originated in the interplanetary space and even in the galactic and extragalactic environments. The observation, modelling and prediction of the perturbative phenomena associated with the known variety of astrophysical sources, ranging from the central stars to Gamma Ray Bursts, are the goal of Space Meteorology. In this framework, a review on the known phenomenology relevant to life evolution will be given by emphasizing the most advanced prediction techniques available to date and stressing the need of a significant improvement in the light of terrestrial life preservation, as the space environment seems to force the echospace conditions much more effectively than any anthropogenic factors.
Integrated ‘‘plume winter” during the Paleozoic–Mes The G-LB and P-TB events
, 2007
"... basalt, global warming (plume summer) took over cooling, delayed the recovery of biodiversity, and intensified the ocean stratification. It was repeated twice at the G-LB and P-TB. A unique geomagnetic episode called the Illawarra Reversal around the Wordian–Capitanian boundary (ca. 265 Ma) recorded ..."
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basalt, global warming (plume summer) took over cooling, delayed the recovery of biodiversity, and intensified the ocean stratification. It was repeated twice at the G-LB and P-TB. A unique geomagnetic episode called the Illawarra Reversal around the Wordian–Capitanian boundary (ca. 265 Ma) recorded the appearance of a large instability in the geomagnetic dipole in the Earth’s outer core. This rapid change was triggered likely by the episodic fall-down of a cold megalith (subducted oce-anic slabs) from the upper mantle to the D00 layer above the 2900 km-deep core-mantle boundary, in tight association with the launching of a mantle superplume. The initial changes in the surface environment in
