Results 1 - 10
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22
What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 2001
"... Three studies compared 10 candidate psychological needs in an attempt to determine which are truly most fundamental for humans. Participants described "most satisfying events " within their lives and then rated the salience of each of the 10 candidate needs within these events. Supporting ..."
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Three studies compared 10 candidate psychological needs in an attempt to determine which are truly most fundamental for humans. Participants described "most satisfying events " within their lives and then rated the salience of each of the 10 candidate needs within these events. Supporting self-determination theory postulates (Ryan & Deci, 2000)—autonomy, competence, and relatedness, were consistently among the top 4 needs, in terms of both their salience and their association with event-related affect. Self-esteem was also important, whereas self-actualization or meaning, physical thriving, popularity or influence, and mbney-luxury were less important. This basic pattern emerged within three different time frames and within both U.S. and South Korean samples and also within a final study that asked, "What's unsatisfying about unsatisfying events? " Implications for hierarchical theories of needs are discussed. Psychologists have long speculated about the fundamental psy-chological needs of humans, beginning with McDougall (1908)
Goals, congruence, and positive well-being: New empirical support for humanistic theories.
- Journal of Humanistic Psychology,
, 2001
"... is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. In addition to personal goals and well-being, Ken also studies social dilemmas and the types of values that enable their successful resolution. His longterm goal is to develop an integrated psychology of positive motiva ..."
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is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. In addition to personal goals and well-being, Ken also studies social dilemmas and the types of values that enable their successful resolution. His longterm goal is to develop an integrated psychology of positive motivation by combining humanistic, evolutionary, and dynamical systems theories. TIM KASSER is an assistant professor of psychology at Knox College in Galesburg, IL. His research investigates a variety of aspects of values and goals, with a particular emphasis on people's materialistic, extrinsic aspirations. At Knox, he teaches classes such as clinical and abnormal psychology, theories of personality, dying and death, and dreaming. Summary Although some have suggested that humanistic theories and quantitative methodologies are inherently contradictory, this article will try to demonstrate that they can be quite complementary. To this end, the authors will review their own findings with regard to the nature of "positive motivation," research that has been based in humanistic theoretical ideas but that also has employed state-ofthe-art quantitative methodologies, longitudinal designs, and causal 30
Goal Shifts Following Reminders of Mortality: Reconciling Posttraumatic Growth and Terror Management Theory
, 2007
"... Research findings within posttraumatic growth (PTG) and terror management theory (TMT) currently appear contradictory. Following confrontations with mortality, PTG research demonstrates intrinsic goal shifts, whereas TMT suggests extrinsic shifts. The current studies examine factors contributing to ..."
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Research findings within posttraumatic growth (PTG) and terror management theory (TMT) currently appear contradictory. Following confrontations with mortality, PTG research demonstrates intrinsic goal shifts, whereas TMT suggests extrinsic shifts. The current studies examine factors contributing to these inconsistent results. Study 1 demonstrates that perceived death threat is associated with PTG effects. Study 2 illuminates the importance of duration of death processing. Study 3 demonstrates that existing goal values and duration and type of processing all interact in determining ultimate goal structure, with a match between level of goals and processing producing the most psychologically advantageous outcomes. Although previous research suggests that short-term confrontations with death may lead to defensiveness, the current studies suggest that encountering death over a longer period or in a manner consistent with goal structure may lead individuals to transcend defensiveness and maintain intrinsic goals or become more intrinsically oriented.
The role of self-determined motivation and goals for study abroad in the adaptation of international students
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations
, 2007
"... Abstract Two studies with Chinese international students in Belgium and Canada investigated the role of two motivational factors in students' decision to study abroad: the level of self-determined motivation and the content of their goals. A newly developed questionnaire, the Self-regulation Q ..."
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Abstract Two studies with Chinese international students in Belgium and Canada investigated the role of two motivational factors in students' decision to study abroad: the level of self-determined motivation and the content of their goals. A newly developed questionnaire, the Self-regulation Questionnaire-Study Abroad was used to test the hypothesis that self-determined motivation to study abroad would be more beneficial for students' adaptation outcomes than non-self-determined motivation. This hypothesis was generally supported. Using the Goals for Study Abroad Scale, the two-factor structure of students' goals was discovered. It consisted of a 'Preservation factor', which reflects the goals of avoiding disadvantageous conditions in the home country, and a 'Selfdevelopment factor', which reflects the goal of pursuing good education and better career opportunities abroad. The preservation goals were negatively related with cultural adaptation indicators. The level of self-determination and the goals to study abroad had an independent effect on cultural adaptation of the students. The potential applications of these two motivational parameters to study migration motivation were discussed. r
Linking relationship quality to perceived mutuality of relationship goals and perceived goal progress
- Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
, 2009
"... Two goal-related variables were examined as predictors of relationship quality. One was the perception of mutuality of goals held for the relationship; the other was the perception of progress regarding those relationship goals. A mediation model was considered whereby relationship goal mutuality pr ..."
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Two goal-related variables were examined as predictors of relationship quality. One was the perception of mutuality of goals held for the relationship; the other was the perception of progress regarding those relationship goals. A mediation model was considered whereby relationship goal mutuality predicted quality via perception of goal progress. Study 1 examined cross-sectional associations among these variables in 245 dating participants. Results of a path analysis (controlling for effects of relationship conflict) were consistent with the mediation model. Study 2 replicated these findings in a sample of 78 committed romantic couples, using an electronic diary methodology to gather data from both partners about relationship quality across multiple time points. Study 2 also extended the findings by examining a dyadic mediation model with both mediated actor effects and mediated partner effects. Findings suggest a central role for shared relationship goals and for perceptions of relationship goal progress in the context of romantic relationships. The first and second authors were supported by Scientist Development Award MH64779 to J-P Laurenceau from the National Institute of Mental Health. The authors would like to thank Blaine Fowers and Adam Troy for their comments and support of this work. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jean-Philippe
Compassion without action: Examining the young consumers consumption and attitude to sustainable consumption
- J. World Bus
, 2010
"... The concept of developing sustainable consumption practices has been a factor for discussion within academic literature for nearly half a decade. Many have argued the consequences of unmonitored consumption practices within a „throw-away ‟ society would lead to environmental, social and economic deg ..."
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The concept of developing sustainable consumption practices has been a factor for discussion within academic literature for nearly half a decade. Many have argued the consequences of unmonitored consumption practices within a „throw-away ‟ society would lead to environmental, social and economic degeneration. With consumption no longer hindered by global boundaries, there is an emergence of a common class of people within society consuming in vast amounts, over great distances from one another, and reaps irreparable environmental damage. The onus of developing sustainable practice is no longer the sole responsibility of economies of affluence and specific segments of our economy but has become the responsibility of all stakeholders. Using a triangulated qualitative approach, the aim of this research is to advance our understanding and definition of sustainability in the key stakeholder group: the young consumers, Y generation. The research will focus on understanding their consumption footprints and their view of the notion of sustainability. Implications for social changes, policy and practice will also be presented. Key words: Sustainability, Y generation, young consumers, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, consumption footprints.
Life aspirations, personality traits and subjective well-being in a Spanish sample
- European Journal of Personality
, 2012
"... Abstract: This study examines the relationships between intrinsic/extrinsic aspirations and subjective well-being (SWB; positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life) in a sample of 583 Spanish adults. Firstly, the results showed that high scores for SWB are related to high scores for in ..."
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Abstract: This study examines the relationships between intrinsic/extrinsic aspirations and subjective well-being (SWB; positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life) in a sample of 583 Spanish adults. Firstly, the results showed that high scores for SWB are related to high scores for intrinsic aspirations and, to a lesser extent, to low scores for extrinsic aspirations; it was also found that intrinsic aspirations are mainly related to positive indicators of well-being, whereas extrinsic aspirations are mainly associated with negative indicators. Secondly, the study also enabled exploration of the links between the domains of the Five-Factor Model and aspirations; thirdly, the results showed that intrinsic/extrinsic aspirations predict SWB beyond the Five Factors. The results demonstrate the importance of studying the content of human aspirations for understanding psychological health.
Psychology
, 2005
"... Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been relatively unstudied after young adulthood. Yet there are a variety of reasons to expect that EI may be different at mid life than in young adulthood. Normative life experiences may lead to increases in EI, and as the array of different environments and experienc ..."
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Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been relatively unstudied after young adulthood. Yet there are a variety of reasons to expect that EI may be different at mid life than in young adulthood. Normative life experiences may lead to increases in EI, and as the array of different environments and experiences increases with age, one might expect greater individual differences in EI. Similarly, if EI is located somewhere at the intersection of personality and intelligence, as some have speculated, it may follow a course of structural differentiation similar to cognitive abilities. EI may be more closely linked to social variables such as loneliness and friendships at mid life, and its relation to established personality and ability factors such as the Big Five (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and fluid and crystallized abilities may also vary with age. These hypotheses were investigated in samples of 292 young adults and 246 mid life adults, using the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Inventory, the NEO-Five Factor Personality Inventory, markers of crystallized and fluid ability from Horn's Crystallized/Fluid Sampler, and a variety of other measures. Mid life adults scored higher on overall EI scores, but evidenced no greater range of individual differences than did young adults. A series of
doi:10.5559/di.20.3.05 ASPIRATIONS AND WELL-BEING: EXTRINSIC VS. INTRINSIC LIFE GOALS
, 2008
"... The present study explored whether participants can be classified into groups according to their intrinsic and extrinsic life goals and how these groups differ in satisfaction of basic psychological needs and well-being. Four questionnaires were administered to 835 college students: Aspiration Index ..."
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The present study explored whether participants can be classified into groups according to their intrinsic and extrinsic life goals and how these groups differ in satisfaction of basic psychological needs and well-being. Four questionnaires were administered to 835 college students: Aspiration Index (Kasser
Article Self-Growth in the College Years: Increased Importance of Intrinsic Values Predicts Resolution of Identity and Intimacy Stages
"... Could a shift in values over time drive resolution of identity and intimacy in young adulthood? In the present study, we found support for our hypothesis that increased prioritization of intrinsic values over an academic year predicts university students’ resolution of the Eriksonian stages of ident ..."
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Could a shift in values over time drive resolution of identity and intimacy in young adulthood? In the present study, we found support for our hypothesis that increased prioritization of intrinsic values over an academic year predicts university students’ resolution of the Eriksonian stages of identity and intimacy, and that stage resolution would mediate the relationship between value change and enhanced well-being. Among the 196 students followed from September to April, we found that increased prior-itization of intrinsic relative to extrinsic values over the year related to greater resolution of both identity and intimacy, control-ling for stage resolution at T1, and that increased resolution positively predicted enhanced subjective well-being and psychological well-being over time. Keywords human motivation, self-determination theory, subjective well-being, life values He allowed himself to be swayed by his conviction that human beings are not born once and for all on the day their mothers give birth to them, but that life obliges them over and over again to give birth to themselves.
