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Rule-based and Ontology-based Policies: Toward a Hybrid Approach to Control Agents in Pervasive Environments
- In Proceedings of the ISWC2005 Semantic Web and Policy Workshop
, 2005
"... Abstract. Policies are being increasingly used for controlling the behavior of complex multi-agent systems. The use of policies allows administrators to regulate agent behavior without changing source code or requiring the consent or cooperation of the agents being governed. However, policy-based co ..."
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Cited by 26 (1 self)
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Abstract. Policies are being increasingly used for controlling the behavior of complex multi-agent systems. The use of policies allows administrators to regulate agent behavior without changing source code or requiring the consent or cooperation of the agents being governed. However, policy-based control can sometimes encounter difficulties when applied to agents that act in pervasive environments characterized by frequent and unpredictable changes. In such cases, we cannot always specify policies a priori to handle any operative run time situation, but instead require continuous adjustments to allow agents to behave in a contextually appropriate manner. To address these issues, some policy approaches for governing agents in pervasive environments specify policies in a way that is both context-based and semantically-rich. Two approaches have been used in recent research: an ontology-based approach that relies heavily on the expressive features of Description Logic (DL) languages, and a rule-based approach that encodes policies as Logic Programming (LP) rules. The aim of this paper is to analyze the emerging directions for the specification of semantically-rich context-based policies, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. Based on our analysis we describe a hybrid approach that exploits the expressive capabilities of both DL and LP approaches. 1.
Social order and adaptability in animal and human cultures as analogues for agent communities: Toward a policy-based approach
- In
, 2004
"... Abstract. In this paper we discuss some of the ways social order is maintained in animal and human realms, with the goal of enriching our thinking about mechanisms that might be employed in developing similar means of ordering communities of agents. We present examples from our current work in human ..."
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Cited by 20 (16 self)
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Abstract. In this paper we discuss some of the ways social order is maintained in animal and human realms, with the goal of enriching our thinking about mechanisms that might be employed in developing similar means of ordering communities of agents. We present examples from our current work in human-agent teamwork, and we speculate about some new directions this kind of research might take. Since communities also need to change over time to cope with changing circumstances, we also speculate on means that regulatory bodies can use to adapt. 1.
Industrial Deployment of Multi-Agent Technologies: . . .
"... This paper reports on industrial deployment of multi-agent systems and agent technology. It provides an overview of several application domains and an in-depth presentation of four specific case studies. The presented applications and deployment domains have been analyzed. The analysis indicates th ..."
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Cited by 20 (1 self)
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This paper reports on industrial deployment of multi-agent systems and agent technology. It provides an overview of several application domains and an in-depth presentation of four specific case studies. The presented applications and deployment domains have been analyzed. The analysis indicates that despite strong industrial involvement in this field, the full potential of the agent technology has not been fully utilized yet and that not all of the developed agent concepts and agent techniques have been completely exploited in industrial practice. In the paper, the key obstacles for wider deployments are listed and potential future challenges are discussed.
Teamwork-centered autonomy for extended human-agent interaction in space applications
- In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium
, 2004
"... This paper summarizes our efforts to bring together and extend the best in current theory and technologies for teamwork-centered autonomy for space applications. Traditional planning technologies at the foundation of intelligent robotic systems typically take an autonomycentered approach, with repre ..."
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Cited by 15 (12 self)
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This paper summarizes our efforts to bring together and extend the best in current theory and technologies for teamwork-centered autonomy for space applications. Traditional planning technologies at the foundation of intelligent robotic systems typically take an autonomycentered approach, with representations, mechanisms, and algorithms that have been designed to ingest a set of goals and output a complete plan in the most efficient and sound fashion possible. A teamwork-centered autonomy approach, on the other hand, takes as a beginning premise that people are working in parallel alongside autonomous systems, and hence adopts the stance that the processes of understanding, problem solving, and task execution are necessarily incremental, subject to negotiation, and forever tentative. Thus, a successful approach to teamwork-centered autonomy will require that every element of the autonomous system be designed to facilitate the kind of give-and-take that quintessentially characterizes natural and effective teamwork among groups of people. We briefly describe the major components of this approach and current efforts to apply and evaluate its utility from both human-centered and cost-benefit perspectives.
HumanAgent Interaction
- In Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction, edited by Guy Boy
, 2011
"... The concept of automation—which began with the straightforward objective of replacing whenever feasible any task currently performed by a human with a machine that could do the same task better, faster, or cheaper—became one of the first issues to attract the notice of early human factors researcher ..."
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Cited by 14 (8 self)
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The concept of automation—which began with the straightforward objective of replacing whenever feasible any task currently performed by a human with a machine that could do the same task better, faster, or cheaper—became one of the first issues to attract the notice of early human factors researchers. Pioneering researchers such as Fitts attempted
Toward Trustworthy Adjustable Autonomy and Mixed-Initiative Interaction in KAoS
- Proceedings of the AAMAS 2004 Trust workshop
, 2004
"... Abstract. Trust is arguably the most crucial aspect of agent acceptability. At its simplest level, it can be characterized in terms of judgments that people make concerning three factors: an agent's competence, its benevolence, and the degree to which it can be rapidly and reliably brought into ..."
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Cited by 14 (11 self)
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Abstract. Trust is arguably the most crucial aspect of agent acceptability. At its simplest level, it can be characterized in terms of judgments that people make concerning three factors: an agent's competence, its benevolence, and the degree to which it can be rapidly and reliably brought into compliance when things go wrong. Adjustable autonomy consists of the ability to dynamically impose and modify constraints that affect the range of actions that the humanagent team can successfully perform, consistently allowing the highest degrees of useful autonomy while maintaining an acceptable level of trust. Many aspects of adjustable autonomy can be addressed through policy. Policies are a means to dynamically regulate the behavior of system components without changing code or requiring the cooperation of the components being governed. By changing policies, a system can be adjusted to accommodate variations in externally imposed constraints and environmental conditions. In this paper we describe some important dimensions relating to autonomy and give examples of how these dimensions might be adjusted in order to enhance performance of human-agent teams. We introduce Kaa (KAoS adjustable autonomy) and provide a brief comparison with two other implementations of adjustable autonomy concepts. 1
Progress appraisal as a challenging element of coordination in human and machine joint activity
- In Engineering Societies in the Agents’ World VIII
, 2008
"... Abstract. Joint activity, as we define it, is a mutually interdependent social endeavor that requires sufficient predictability among participating parties to enable coordination. Coordination, in turn, sometimes requires the parties to appraise the state of progress of their activities so that, if ..."
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Cited by 13 (10 self)
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Abstract. Joint activity, as we define it, is a mutually interdependent social endeavor that requires sufficient predictability among participating parties to enable coordination. Coordination, in turn, sometimes requires the parties to appraise the state of progress of their activities so that, if necessary, they can adjust their actions to meet coordination needs and communicate their status to others as appropriate. A significant impediment as yet precluding the full participation of automation in joint activity with people is its inability to sense and communicate aspects of its state that would allow other participants to meaningfully assess progress toward (or anticipate failure with respect to) mutual objectives. In the current article, we address various issues associated with “progress appraisal ” and the challenges it poses for human-machine systems. We point to promising directions for future work.
Policy-based coordination in joint human-agent activity
- In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
, 2004
"... Abstract – In this paper, we outline an approach to policy-based coordination in joint human-agent activity. The approach is grounded in a theory of joint activity originally developed in the context of discourse, and now applied to the broader realm of human-agent interaction. We have been graduall ..."
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Cited by 10 (6 self)
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Abstract – In this paper, we outline an approach to policy-based coordination in joint human-agent activity. The approach is grounded in a theory of joint activity originally developed in the context of discourse, and now applied to the broader realm of human-agent interaction. We have been gradually implementing selected aspects of policy-based coordination within the KAoS services framework and have been developing a body of examples that will guide additional testing of these ideas through detailed studies of work practice.
Coordination in Human-Agent-Robot Teamwork
"... Coordination is an essential ingredient of a teamworkcentered approach to autonomy. In this paper, we discuss some of the challenges and requirements for successful coordination, and briefly how we have used KAoS HART services to support coordination in a multi-team humanrobot field exercise. Teamwo ..."
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Cited by 7 (1 self)
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Coordination is an essential ingredient of a teamworkcentered approach to autonomy. In this paper, we discuss some of the challenges and requirements for successful coordination, and briefly how we have used KAoS HART services to support coordination in a multi-team humanrobot field exercise. Teamwork-Centered Autonomy Planning technologies for intelligent systems often take an autonomy-centered approach, with representations, mechanisms, and algorithms that have been designed to accept a set of goals, and to generate and execute a complete plan in the most efficient and sound fashion possible. While this approach may be the best choice for situations where it is impractical or impossible for humans
Using KAoS policy and domain services within Cougaar." Presented at the
- Proceedings of the Open Cougaar Conference 2004
, 2004
"... KAoS policy and domain management services allow for the specification, management, conflict resolution, and enforcement of policies represented in OWL within contexts established by domains. We discuss the application of KAoS services in providing policy management for robustness and survivability ..."
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Cited by 6 (5 self)
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KAoS policy and domain management services allow for the specification, management, conflict resolution, and enforcement of policies represented in OWL within contexts established by domains. We discuss the application of KAoS services in providing policy management for robustness and survivability in the context of the DARPA UltraLog program, a large-scale distributed agent-based system running on the Cougaar agent infrastructure. Over the course of the program we were able to demonstrate that a semantically-rich policy system could provide exceptional performance and
