in five application-related domains, and found the variability to be surprisingly large. In every case two people favored the same term with probability <0.20. Simulations show how this fundamental property of language limits the success of various design methodologies for vocabulary-driven interaction

The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). In particular, visual interpretation of hand gestures can help in achieving the ease and naturalness desired for HCI. This has motivated a very active research area

processing. The central processing mechmultiple levels simultaneously, including lexical, phonological, anism we invoke is the constraint satisfaction process that has morphological, syntactic, and text or discourse levels. At any been realized in interactive-activation models (e.g., Elman &

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FrameNet is a three-year NSF-supported project in corpus-based computational lexicography, now in its second year #NSF IRI-9618838, #Tools for Lexicon Building"#. The project's key features are #a# a commitment to corpus evidence for semantic and syntactic generalizations, and #b# the representation of the valences of its target words #mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs# in which the semantic portion makes use of frame semantics. The resulting database will contain #a# descriptions of the semantic frames underlying the meanings of the words described, and #b# the valence representation #semantic and syntactic# of several thousand words and phrases, each accompanied by #c# a representative collection of annotated corpus attestations, which jointly exemplify the observed linkings between #frame elements" and their syntactic realizations #e.g. grammatical function, phrase type, and other syntactic traits#. This report will present the project's goals and workflow, and information about the computational tools that have been adapted or created in-house for this work.

We present a system for identifying the semantic relationships, or semantic roles, filled by constituents of a sentence within a semantic frame. Various lexical and syntactic features are derived from parse trees and used to derive statistical classifiers from hand-annotated training data. 1

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Web. In this paper we discuss how the philosophy and features of OWL can be traced back to these older formalisms, with modifications driven by several other constraints on OWL. Several interesting problems...

Nobody wants to use technology to recreate education as it is, yet there is not much to distinguish what goes on in most computer-supported classrooms versus traditional classrooms. Kay (1991) has suggested that the phenomenon of reframing innovations to recreate the familiar is itself commonplace. Thus, one sees all manner of powerful technology (Hypercard, CD-ROM, Lego Logo, and so forth) used to conduct shopworn school activities: copying material from one resource into another (e.g., using Hypercard to assemble sound and visual bites produced by others), and following step-by-step procedures (e.g., creating Lego Logo machines by following steps in a manual). With new technologies, student-generated collages and reproductions appear more inventive and sophisticated-with impressive displays of sound, video, and typography-but from a cognitive perspective, it is not clear what, if any, knowledge content has been processed by the students. In this chapter we offer a suggestion for how to escape the pattern of reinventing the familiar with educational technology. Knowledge-building discourse is at the heart of the superior education that we have in mind. We argue that the classroom needs to foster

Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices to entry points into a world wide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). Therefore support in the exchange of data, information, and knowledge exchange is becoming the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems. Therefore, they may play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. This book discusses the role ontologies will play in knowledge management and in electronic commerce. In addition, I show how arising web standards such as RDF and XML can be used as