Clinical methods and pathophysiology 101

An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect data relating to the prevalence and frequency of shoulder pain and other related problems among different athletic groups that demanded vigorous upper arm activities. A questionnaire was administered on site thus ensuring that the response rate

Summary: There has been a renewed interest in upper arm contouring given the recent advances and subsequent patient interest in weight loss. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery are often left with a significant amount of redundant skin and laxity of their upper extremity. Some patients within

This study examined the use of upper arm and forearm tourniquets for hand surgery. 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: left upper arm, left forearm, right upper arm and right forearm. Tourniquets were applied to these areas. Subjects were asked to rate

Upper arm arteriovenous bridge grafts are often required after failure of more distal access grafts. A retrospective review was performed comparing 57 brachioaxillary bridge grafts fistulas (BAGF) with 79 brachiosubclavian bridge graft fistulas (BSGF) performed over a twelve-year period

arm–forearm coordination in three dimensions. J Neurophysiol 84: 2302–2316, 2000. This study addressed the question of how the three-dimensional (3-D) control strategy for the upper arm depends on what the forearm is doing. Subjects were instructed to point a laser— attached in line with the upper

Abstract — Study of Arterial pressure and flow variation when external pressure applied is critical in understanding clinical relevance of pulse. A distributed model of entire human arterial tree proposed to describe the hemodynamic changes due to pressure applied on the brachial artery. Input to this distributed model is from a four element Windkessel model. The morphological changes in both the model with baroreflex, and the experiment were analyzed. It is observed that the pulse morphology changes with the applied pressure in both radial pressure pulse from the model and the finger volume pulse (PPG) from the experiment. The normalized values of pulse height, maximum systolic slope, maximum diastolic slope, and peak to peak interval (PPI) were calculated for each beat. The model with baroreflex parameters are positively correlated with the measured parameters (for maximum systolic slope r = 0.98; for maximum diastolic slope r = 0.981; for pulse height r = 0.97 when P < 0.05). The PPI variation is different for each subject reflecting the reflex properties of the individual. With the integration of baroreflex loop in the model, the experimental parameters are accurately predicted. The model of the baroreflex system considered only the Heart Rate variations. Variable elastance and reflex system with all parameters such as stroke volume, contractility, and peripheral resistance variation should be incorporated in the model in order to accurately predict the experimental results. Index Terms — Cardiovascular modeling, transmission line model, Windkessel model, baroreflex control system, photoplethysmography, heart rate I.

-lowing real-time robot operations in a complex environment. This method has been extended to moving obstacles by using a time-varying artificial patential field. We have applied this obstacle avoidance scheme to robot arm mechanisms and have used a new approach to the general problem of real-time manipulator

ABSTRACT Age- and sex-specific percentile distributions for the mid-upper arm circumfer-ences. triceps skinfold thicknesses, and mid-upper arm muscle circumferences of American adults were developed from cross-sectional data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics during the Health

VJ from ulnar length was not significant, it appears that neither intrinsic upper arm skeletal length nor arm segment mass is a strong predictor of VJ displacement.