Switching activity is the primary cause of power dissipation in CMOS combinational and sequential circuits. We give a method of estimating power in pipelined sequential CMOS circuits that accurately models the correlation between the vectors applied to the combinational logic of the circuit. We

intermediate frequency. This means lower current drain in the amplifiers and active filters and a simpler task of image-rejection. There is considerable interest to use it in digital cellular telephones and miniature radio messaging systems. This paper briefly covers case studies in the use of direct

the delay itself is not usuaIIy noticed by the talkers, it significantly increases the disturbing effects of echo and mutilation of speech by the echo suppressors so that the overall quality of the circuit, as judged by the users, sufers. The advent of satellite telephoning has brought with it some

Abstract--When voice is to be transported over packet-based networks with particular quality guarantees, bounds on the mouth-to-ear delay and distortion should be adhered to. In this paper, the E-model is used to calculate such (delay and distortion) bounds when traditional (circuit

this traffic requires an emulation of E1/T1 telephone circuits over Ethernets, i.e. E1/T1 PDH/SDH signals from base stations need to be packetized and encapsulated in a circuit emulation adapter (CEA) before being sent over the Ethernet. The key problem with this emulation is to adjust the buffer play-out rate

Connecting UMTS/GSM base stations over Metropolitan Gigabit Ethernets has a great potential of cost savings. However, packetizing base stations ’ signals to emulate telephone circuits over Gigabit Ethernets additionally requires synchronization between the sending and receiving circuit emulation

of cost savings. In our scenario telephony base stations are connected to the core PDH network through a Metropolitan Gigabit Ethernet. This requires an emulation of E1/T1 telephone circuits over Gigabit Ethernets, i.e. E1/T1 PDH/SDH signals from base stations need to be packetized and encapsulated in a

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of cost savings. In our scenario telephony base stations are connected to the core PDH network through a Metropolitan Gigabit Ethernet. This requires an emulation of E1/T1 telephone circuits over Gigabit Ethernets, i.e. E1/T1 PDH/SDH signals from base stations need to be packetized and encapsulated in a

Metropolitan Gigabit Ethernet. This requires an emulation of E1/T1 telephone circuits over Gigabit Ethernets, i.e. E1/T1 PDH/SDH signals from base stations need to be packetized and encapsulated in a circuit emulation adapter (CEA) before being send over the Ethernet. After receiving the signals have