Abstract. Retrieval performance in query-by-humming (QBH) systems depends crucially on the accurate note segmentation and labeling of user queries. To facilitate note segmentation, querying is often restricted to the easily detected syllable “ta”, which is not necessarily the syllable most

The present work explores several techniques for the automatic segmentation of sung melodies. Most contemporary music information retrieval (MIR) systems require sung queries to be segmented into disjoint regions representing individual notes for database searching. The fundamental philosophy

(12 patients) and swelling (10 patients) for 3–5 days. Mild odynophagia for 1–2 days was also noted in 7 patients, and there was 1 severe case

-by-humming systems should be robust. We compare several variations of search algorithms in an effort to improve search precision. In particular, we describe a new frame-based algorithm that significantly outperforms note-by-note algorithms in tests using sung queries and a database of MIDI-encoded music.

Several comments are given to previous proofs of the generalised second law of thermodynamics: black hole entropy plus ordinary matter entropy never decreases for a thermally closed system. Arguments in favour of its truism are given in the spirit of conventional thermodynamics. PACS: 04.20.Cv Thermodynamics (see [1, 2] for introduction) is one of the physical disciplines in which physical laws are governed by simplicity and generality (S&G). Due to the largeness of physical degrees of freedom, most macroscopic systems are untraceable microscopically. Therefore, a systematic way, based on macroscopic S&G regardless of the microscopic details, is needed in order to extract the information we are interested, amongst which one of the most important is perhaps the equilibrium states. Thermodynamics suffices such task by employing extremising (maximising or minimising) principles [1]. Even though a microscopic model is introduced later to give thermodynamic quantities a statistical-mechanical interpretation, the major roles of thermodynamic quantities, and hence the extremising principles, are unquestionable.

The issue of tuning in Indian classical music has been, historically, a matter of theoretical debate. In this paper, we study its contemporary practice in sung performances of Carnatic and Hindustani music following an empiric and quantitative approach. To do so, we select stable fundamental

. To handle likely discrepancies, e.g., in tempo, transposition, and accompaniment, between cover versions and the original song, methods are presented to remove the non-vocal portions of the song, extract the sung notes from the accompanied vocals, and compare the similarities between the sung note sequences

Music is traditionally retrieved by title, composer or subject classification. It is possible, with current technology, to retrieve music from a database on the basis of a few notes sung or hummed into a microphone. This paper describes the implementation of such a system, and discusses several

in terms of the main melody as output. To handle the likely discrepancies, e.g., tempos, transpositions, and accompaniments between cover versions and the original song, methods are presented to remove the non-vocal portions of the song, extract the sung notes from the accompanied vocals, and compare

, who received intradermal BCG(French 1173 P2, Korea Tuberculosis Association) vaccination in the Well Baby Clinic of Hanyang University Hospital from July 2001 to January 2004, were included in the study. Severe local reactions at the injection site and any mass noted on surrounding areas were reported