The problem of identifying genes in genomic DNA sequences by computational methods has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. From one point of view, the problem is closely

the first direct evidence that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II). The primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) contain cap structures as well as poly(A) tails, which are the unique properties of class II gene transcripts. The treatment of human cells with a-amanitin decreased the level

“The world is either the effect of cause or chance. If the latter, it is a world for all that, that is to say, it is a regular and beautiful structure.” Marcus Aurelius Proto-organisms probably were randomly aggregated nets of chemical reactions. The hypothesis that contemporary organisms are also

In order to understand the functioning of organisms on the molecular level, we need to know which genes are expressed, when and where in the organism, and to which extent. The regulation of gene expression is achieved through genetic regulatory systems structured by networks of interactions between

evolution proceeds in a tree-like manner, analysis of the data may not be best served by using methods that enforce a tree structure, but rather by a richer visualization of the data to evaluate its properties, at least as an essential first step. Thus, phylogenetic networks should be employed when

expression data. We define an appropriate stochastic error model on the input, and prove that under the conditions of the model, the algorithm recovers the cluster structure with high probability. The running time of the algorithm on an n-gene dataset is O(n 2 (log(n)) c ). We also present a practical

The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential biological functions in all eukaryotic cells. In addition to providing a structural framework around which cell shape and polarity are defined, its dynamic properties provide the driving force for cells to move and to divide. Understanding

into account the dependence structure between the gene expression levels. No specific parametric form is assumed for the distribution of the test statistics and a permutation procedure is used to estimate adjusted p-values. Several data displays are suggested for the visual identification of differentially

Sequences of 3279 sequences of tRNA genes and tRNAs published up to December 1996 are included in the compilation. Alignment of the sequences, which is most compatible with the tRNA phylogeny and known threedimensional structures of tRNA, is used. Sequences and references are available under

and Schneider, 1991). This high robustness of structures with respect to residue exchanges explains partly the robustness of organisms with respect to gene-replication errors, and it allows for the variety in evolution (Zuckerkandl and Pauling, 1965; Zuckerkandl, 1976; Doolittle, 1979, 1986). Structure