Results 1 - 10 of 479

Attention and the detection of signals

by Michael I. Posner, Charles R. R. Snyder, Brian J. Davidson - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 1980
"... Detection of a visual signal requires information to reach a system capable of eliciting arbitrary responses required by the experimenter. Detection latencies are reduced when subjects receive a cue that indicates where in the visual field the signal will occur. This shift in efficiency appears to b ..."
Abstract - Cited by 565 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
to be due to an alignment (orient-ing) of the central attentional system with the pathways to be activated by the visual input. It would also be possible to describe these results as being due to a reduced criterion at the expected target position. However, this description ignores impor-tant constraints

Recognizing depth-rotated objects: Evidence and conditions for three-dimensional viewpoint invariance

by Irving Biederman, Peter C. Gerhardstein - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance , 1993
"... Five experiments on the effects of changes of depth orientation on (a) priming the naming of briefly flashed familiar objects, (b) matching individual sample volumes (geons), and (c) classifying unfamiliar objects (that could readily be decomposed into an arrangement of distinctive geons) all reveal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 214 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
be capable of activating viewpoint-invariant (e.g., geon) structural descriptions (GSDs), (b) that the GSDs be distinctive (different) for each stimulus, and (c) that the same GSD be activated in original and tested views. The stimuli used in several recent experiments documenting extraordinary viewpoint

Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward,

by Wolfram Schultz - Annu. Rev. Psychol. , 2006
"... ■ Abstract The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can ..."
Abstract - Cited by 187 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
'." (The Odyssey, Book VII, 800 BC). Despite these suggestive words, Homer's description hardly fits the common-sensical perceptions of reward, which largely belong to one of two categories. People often consider a reward as a particular object or event that one receives for having done something well

Stimulus configuration, classical conditioning, and hippocampal function

by Nestor A. Schmajuk, James J. Dicarlo - Psychological Review , 1992
"... Hippocampal participation in classical conditioning is described in terms of a multilayer network that portrays stimulus configuration. The network (a) describes behavior in real time, (b) incorporates a layer of "hidden " units positioned between input and output units, (c) includ ..."
Abstract - Cited by 47 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Hippocampal participation in classical conditioning is described in terms of a multilayer network that portrays stimulus configuration. The network (a) describes behavior in real time, (b) incorporates a layer of "hidden " units positioned between input and output units, (c

Effects of Stimulus Type and Strategy

by Lutz Jäncke, Fred W. Mast, Barbara Tomasino, Tomasino B, Gremese M, Barbara Tomasino, Michele Gremese , 2015
"... We can predict how an object would look like if we were to see it from different viewpoints. The brain network governing mental rotation (MR) has been studied using a variety of stimuli and tasks instructions. By using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis we tested whether different ..."
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MR networks can be modulated by the type of stimulus (body vs. non-body parts) or by the type of tasks instructions (motor imagery-based vs. non-motor imagery-based MR instructions). Testing for the bodily and non-bodily stimulus axis revealed a bilateral sensorimotor activation for bodily

What some concepts might not be

by Sharon Lee Armstrong, Lila R. Gleitman, Henry Gleitman - COGNITION , 1983
"... A discussion of the difficulties of prototype theories for describing compositional meaning motivates three experiments that inquire how well-defined concepts fare under paradigms that are commonly interpreted to support the prototype view. The stimulus materials include exemplars of prototype categ ..."
Abstract - Cited by 134 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
A discussion of the difficulties of prototype theories for describing compositional meaning motivates three experiments that inquire how well-defined concepts fare under paradigms that are commonly interpreted to support the prototype view. The stimulus materials include exemplars of prototype

Inferring Any Feature of a Stimulus

by Evan Heit
"... People can infer unknown features of a stimulus by retrieving memories of similar examples. It is proposed that we can reason from chains of examples. For example, stimulus A may remind us of B, which reminds us of C. Information about C may then affect reasoning about A. A mathematical model for ca ..."
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People can infer unknown features of a stimulus by retrieving memories of similar examples. It is proposed that we can reason from chains of examples. For example, stimulus A may remind us of B, which reminds us of C. Information about C may then affect reasoning about A. A mathematical model

Noise characteristics and prior expectations in human visual speed perception.

by Alan A Stocker , Eero P Simoncelli - Nature Neuroscience, , 2006
"... Human visual speed perception is qualitatively consistent with a Bayesian observer that optimally combines noisy measurements with a prior preference for lower speeds. Quantitative validation of this model, however, is difficult because the precise noise characteristics and prior expectations are u ..."
Abstract - Cited by 111 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
found that the fitted model provides an accurate description of the data across a wide range of stimulus parameters. The inferred prior distribution shows significantly heavier tails than a Gaussian, and the amplitude of the internal noise is approximately proportional to stimulus speed and depends

The English Lexicon Project

by David A. Balota, Melvin, J. Yap, Michael J. Cortese, Keith A. Hutchison, Brett Kessler, Bjorn Loftis, James H. Neely, Douglas L. Nelson, Greg B. Simpson, Rebecca Treiman , 2007
"... One could easily argue that the most commonly studied stimulus set in experimental psychology involves English words. The study of the memory and reading of words has been central to research since Cattell (1886). Words are well-described units that provide the link between perception and meaning, a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 126 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
One could easily argue that the most commonly studied stimulus set in experimental psychology involves English words. The study of the memory and reading of words has been central to research since Cattell (1886). Words are well-described units that provide the link between perception and meaning

Pavlovian conditioning: It’s not what you think it is

by Robert A. Rescorla - American Psychologist , 1988
"... Abstract: Current thinking about Pavlovian conditioning differs substantially from that of 20 years ago. Yet the changes that have taken place remain poorly appreciated by psychologists generally. Traditional descriptions of conditioning as the acquired ability of one stimulus to evoke the original ..."
Abstract - Cited by 121 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract: Current thinking about Pavlovian conditioning differs substantially from that of 20 years ago. Yet the changes that have taken place remain poorly appreciated by psychologists generally. Traditional descriptions of conditioning as the acquired ability of one stimulus to evoke the original
Results 1 - 10 of 479