Abstract. Solar energy for water and space heating is one of the effective methods to reduce conventional energy requirements for remote area buildings. In winter, a heating system for building is needed to compensate the heat loss, to maintain the comfortable temperature and to provide hot water

We first examine the determinants of household expenditures on space heating and hot water supply in Germany. A number of socio-economic characteristics of households are included along with building characteristics. Our analysis covers information on more than 12,000 households in Germany

of households in the Italian regions. Secondly, we focus on the analysis of the determinants of space heating expenditure bearing in mind the possible influence of the choice of fuel on energy consumption. Finally, by using the results of the multinomial logit model we examine the implications of a simulated

In Great Britain several policy measures have been implemented in order to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions. In the domestic sector, these targets can be achieved by improving space heating efficiency and, hence, decrease heating expenditures. However, before implementing

Many problems in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering require the solution of the heat equation in unbounded domains. Integral equation methods are particularly appropriate in this setting for several reasons: they are unconditionally stable, they are insensitive to the complexity

In the house that has a crawl space with the insulated foundation walls and non-insulated floor over the crawl space, if all the crawl space can be heated, then the entire floor will be heated, and as the result whole the space of the first floor will become the radiant heating environment. We call

have three elements: a collector, heat storage and a distribution system. The collector is often a combination of glass or plastic glazing and an absorptive material to capture the sun’s energy. The collection surface must be facing south but can be up to 30 ° from true south and still be effective

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SCHEDULE( Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20. It difler..nt from Report) IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES L

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body within the framework of the