The objective of this paper is to estimate 2D human pose as a spatial configuration of body parts in TV and movie video shots. Such video material is uncontrolled and extremely challenging. We propose an approach that progressively reduces the search space for body parts, to greatly improve

One of the central problems in machine learning and pattern recognition is to develop appropriate representations for complex data. We consider the problem of constructing a representation for data lying on a low-dimensional manifold embedded in a high-dimensional space. Drawing

is to construct families of curves X, some singular, with pa(X)-=g, over non-singular parameter spaces, which in some sense contain enough singular curves to link together any two components that Mg might have. The essential thing that makes this method work now is a recent " stable reduction theorem "

. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss different approaches to searching for optimal approximation spaces. Basic notions concerning rough set concept based on generalized approximation spaces are presented. Different constructions of approximation spaces are described. The problems

in a higher dimensional space. The algorithm provides a computationally efficient approach to nonlinear dimensionality reduction that has locality preserving properties and a natural connection to clustering. Several applications are considered. In many areas of artificial intelligence, information

environment for Java, called Java PathFinder (JPF), which integrates model checking, program analysis and testing. Part of this work has consisted of building a new Java Virtual Machine that interprets Java bytecode. JPF uses state compression to handle big states, and partial order and symmetry reduction

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A haptic model of bowing the violin and viola is presented that focuses on just the geometry of the contact point between the bow hair and the string, giving a simplified description that focuses on aspects which the performer thinks about consciously. The model allows artificial constraints on the bow motion to be provided, giving the player physical feedback if one dimension of the contact point becomes incorrect, while allowing full movement in other dimensions.

; depending on their overall structure. Within these categories, we have analyzed the search-space reduction of several common password sub-structures. From this analysis, we have derived guidelines that yield strong passwords within in each password category. Our results contribute towards the goal

of the strategy to k-nearest neighbors. We call the extension Promise-Pruning and, for any k, construct a class of R-trees where its application preserves the exponential search space reduction. 1