This brief note points out something obvious--- something the authors "knew" without really understanding. With apologies to those who did understand, we offer it to those others who, like us, missed the point. We all know that the rate of improvement in microprocessor speed exceeds

Donise VV. Pearwn. Bopann i B. Ballot handa...................... 1()

by the nontechnical manager, has something of this character; it is usually innocent and straightforward, but is capable of becoming a monster of missed schedules, blown budgets, and flawed products. So we hear desperate cries for a silver bullet--something to make software costs drop as rapidly as computer hardware

A common observation in the informal literature of economics (and elsewhere) is that in multistage “games, ” players may seek early in the game to acquire a reputation for being “tough ” or “benevolent ” or something else. But this phenomenon is not observed in some formal game-theoretic analyses

to speak. But most gamers don’t want short and easy games. Thus, designers face and largely solve an intriguing educational dilemma, one also faced by schools and workplaces: how to get people, often young people, to learn and master something that is long and challenging—and enjoy it, to boot.

. Furthermore, it can learn to do this in a remarkably short period of time (8 or 10 hours of machine-playing time) when given only the rules of the game, a sense of direction, and a redundant and incomplete list of parameters which are thought to have something to do with the game, but whose correct signs

performance, initiatives to improve school planning and management, target setting, more frequent and thorough inspection; these are all means to the end. But the sum of all of these doesn’t add up to an effective policy because something is missing. Learning is driven by what teachers and pupils do

applications in the area of robotics and automation. Through surface matching, an object can be recognized in a scene by comparing a sensed surface to an object surface stored in memory. When the object surface is matched to the scene surface, an association is made between something known (the object) and

-limit performance of "Turbo Codes" -codes whose decoding algorithm is equivalent to loopy belief propagation in a chain-structured Bayesian network. In this paper we ask: is there something spe cial about the error-correcting code context, or does loopy propagation work as an ap proximate inference scheme

classes of motives to basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are discussed. © 2000 Academic Press To be motivated means to be moved to do something. A person who feels no impetus or inspiration to act is thus characterized as unmotivated, whereas someone who is energized or activated