, and within the last five years certain specific risks have prompted regulatory action on both sides of the Atlantic. Warnings about an increased risk of stroke have recently been joined by warnings of an increased risk of death from all classes of antipsychotic used in the elderly with dementia. This short

"Recurrent backprop" for learning to store information over extended time intervals takes too long. The main reason is insufficient, decaying error back flow. We briefly review Hochreiter's 1991 analysis of this problem. Then we overcome it by introducing a novel, efficient method

open access to scientific and medical research

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00043 Rho-independent stimulation of axon outgrowth and activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways by C3 transferase in sensory neurons

Genomics, environmental genomics and the issue of microbial species

www.nature.com/hdy Combining population genomics and quantitative genetics: finding the genes underlying ecologically important traits

EST-SSRs as a resource for population genetic analyses

Genetic and developmental basis of cichlid trophic diversity

Cardiac biomarkers are protein molecules released into the bloodstream from heart muscle damaged by a blocked artery and, these enzymes are measured to have a general idea of how much muscle damage has been done. They were known as cardiac enzymes, but the recently discovered and most accurate biomarker troponin is not an enzyme. Cardiac enzymes are used to determine a heart attack as opposed to a bad episode of 1,2 angina. New biomarkers are available, which are more specific and have a higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.

Genetic structure of a foundation species: scaling community phenotypes from the individual to the region