This memo is an official status report on the protocols used in the Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

This paper describes a new operating system kernel, called the x-kernel, that provides an explicit architecture for constructing and composing network protocols. Our experience implementing and evaluating several protocols in the x-kernel shows that this architecture is both general enough

, that an improperly designed protocol could be vulnerable to an active saboteur, one who may impersonate another user or alter the message being transmitted. Several models are formulated in which the security of protocols can be discussed precisely. Algorithms and characteri-zations that can be used to determine

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broad-cast authentication, which is an important mechanism for sensor networks. TESLA is a new protocol which provides authenticated broadcast for severely resource-constrained environments. We implemented the above protocols, and show that they are practical even on minimalistic hardware

The Intemet protocol suite, TCP/IP, was first proposed fifteen years ago, It was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and has been used widely in military and commercial systems. While there have been papers and specifications that describe how the protocols work

We present

This memo describes the Network Time Protocol (NTP) designed to distribute time information in a large, diverse internet system operating at speeds from mundane to lightwave. It uses a returnabletime architecture in which a distributed subnet of time servers operating in a self

We introduce the spi calculus, an extension of the pi calculus designed for the description and analysis of cryptographic protocols. We show how to use the spi calculus, particularly for studying authentication protocols. The pi calculus (without extension) suffices for some abstract protocols