Received on 12/11/2012, resubmitted on 8/5/2013 and approved on 23/5/2013. Elements of social representation theory in collaborative tagging systems Elementos da teoria da representação social em sistemas colaborativos de marcação

ote cti ng th e L an d a nd In he rit an ce

Primary gastric lymphoma represents more than half of all primary gastrointestinal lymphomas in the western world, accounting for 2 % to 7 % of all malignant tumors of the stomach, and an increasing incidence has

The first liver resection was performed in 1716 by Berta who removed partially the liver of a trauma patient(9). After that, it took more than a hundred years to von Bruns, in 1870, to perform the procedure again in a soldier of the Franco-Prussian

ote cti ng th e L an d a nd In he rit an ce

and Media. The overall point of departure for the Clearinghouse’s efforts with respect to children, youth and media is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The aim of the Clearinghouse is to increase awareness and knowledge about children, youth and media, thereby providing a basis for relevant policy-making, contributing to a constructive public debate, and enhancing children’s and young people’s media literacy and media competence. Moreover, it is hoped that the Clearinghouse’s work will stimulate further research on children, youth and media. The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media informs various groups of users – researchers, policy-makers, media professionals,

Patients with biliary obstruction usually undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to confirm diagnosis and decompress the biliary tree. Many patients are considered unsuitable for surgery due

ciences in revi s and and P mplace

In the multi-armed bandit problem, a gambler must decide which arm of K non-identical slot machines to play in a sequence of trials so as to maximize his reward. This classical problem has received much attention because of the simple model it provides of the trade-off between exploration (trying out each arm to find the best one) and exploitation (playing the arm believed to give the best payoff). Past solutions for the bandit problem have almost always relied on assumptions about the statistics of the slot machines. In this work, we make no statistical assumptions whatsoever about the nature of the process generating the payoffs of the slot machines. We give a solution to the bandit problem in which an adversary, rather than a well-behaved stochastic process, has complete control over the payoffs. In a sequence of T plays, we prove that the expected per-round payoff of our algorithm approaches that of the best arm at the rate O(T \Gamma1=2 ), and we give an improved rate of conver...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is believed to be the critical trigger for activation of antiviral immunity mediated by the RNA helicase enzymes RIG-I and MDA5. Here, we show that influenza A virus infection does not generate dsRNA and that RIG-I is activated