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This project focused on limited validation of the Richardson number (Ri) as a tool to forecast clear air tur-bulence (CAT) at the flight levels of most commercial and military aircraft. The Richardson number in this study was derived based upon ten flights over the United States in 1995. Airborne

is dominated by conversion of mean kinetic energy to perturbation kinetic energy mediated by the vertical component of zonal eddy momentum flux. This growth mechanism is filtered in QG. In the intermediate Richardson number regime mixed Rossby–gravity modes are nonorthogonal in energy, and these participate

This work is accepted as fulfilling

The AERMOD dispersion model was designed to accept a wide range of site-specific meteorological measurements, including profiles of wind, temperature

Entrainment at the top of a convective or transitional boundary layer is a first-order term in the budgets of heat, moisture, momentum, and pollutants. Model treatments of entrainment,

is the isopycnal layer thickness, and κ is the diapycnal diffusivity), which cannot generally be satisfied since the layers could be arbitrarily thin. It is especially important that the diffusion time integration scheme have no such limit if the diapycnal diffusivity is determined by the local Richardson number

Models for the processes by which ideas and influence propagate through a social network have been studied in a number of domains, including the diffusion of medical and technological innovations, the sudden and widespread adoption of various strategies in game-theoretic settings, and the effects

. An alternative assumption, according to which the volume growth rate is controlled solely by the overall Richardson number, is examined here. Both assumptions were used successively in the same theoretical model, primarily developed by A. G. Kulikovskiy and E. I. Sveshnikova, then by P. Beghin. The model

and boundary layer temperature profiles from a ground-based microwave radiometer in turbulence application is studied in this paper. Data collected in a field experiment of the radiometer conducted in Hong Kong in February 2006 were used to obtain the Richardson number profile up to 1.5 km above ground. Two