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Reinforcement learning: a survey

by Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Michael L. Littman, Andrew W. Moore - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research , 1996
"... This paper surveys the field of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective. It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning. Both the historical basis of the field and a broad selection of current work are summarized. Reinforcement learning is the problem ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1714 (25 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper surveys the field of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective. It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning. Both the historical basis of the field and a broad selection of current work are summarized. Reinforcement learning

Reinforcement Learning I: Introduction

by Richard S. Sutton, Andrew G. Barto , 1998
"... In which we try to give a basic intuitive sense of what reinforcement learning is and how it differs and relates to other fields, e.g., supervised learning and neural networks, genetic algorithms and artificial life, control theory. Intuitively, RL is trial and error (variation and selection, search ..."
Abstract - Cited by 5614 (118 self) - Add to MetaCart
In which we try to give a basic intuitive sense of what reinforcement learning is and how it differs and relates to other fields, e.g., supervised learning and neural networks, genetic algorithms and artificial life, control theory. Intuitively, RL is trial and error (variation and selection

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with the MAXQ Value Function Decomposition

by Thomas G. Dietterich - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research , 2000
"... This paper presents a new approach to hierarchical reinforcement learning based on decomposing the target Markov decision process (MDP) into a hierarchy of smaller MDPs and decomposing the value function of the target MDP into an additive combination of the value functions of the smaller MDPs. Th ..."
Abstract - Cited by 443 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper presents a new approach to hierarchical reinforcement learning based on decomposing the target Markov decision process (MDP) into a hierarchy of smaller MDPs and decomposing the value function of the target MDP into an additive combination of the value functions of the smaller MDPs

Motivated Reinforcement Learning

by Peter Dayan , 2001
"... The standard reinforcement learning view of the involvement of neuromodulatory systems in instrumental conditioning includes a rather straightforward conception of motivation as prediction of sum future reward. Competition between actions is based on the motivating characteristics of their consequen ..."
Abstract - Cited by 332 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
The standard reinforcement learning view of the involvement of neuromodulatory systems in instrumental conditioning includes a rather straightforward conception of motivation as prediction of sum future reward. Competition between actions is based on the motivating characteristics

Predicting How People Play Games: Reinforcement Learning . . .

by Ido Erev, Alvin E. Roth - AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW , 1998
"... ..."
Abstract - Cited by 621 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract not found

Reinforcement learning with hierarchies of machines

by Ronald Parr, Stuart Russell - Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 , 1998
"... We present a new approach to reinforcement learning in which the policies considered by the learning process are constrained by hierarchies of partially specified machines. This allows for the use of prior knowledge to reduce the search space and provides a framework in which knowledge can be transf ..."
Abstract - Cited by 285 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present a new approach to reinforcement learning in which the policies considered by the learning process are constrained by hierarchies of partially specified machines. This allows for the use of prior knowledge to reduce the search space and provides a framework in which knowledge can

Between MDPs and Semi-MDPs: A Framework for Temporal Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning

by Richard S. Sutton , Doina Precup , Satinder Singh , 1999
"... Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges for AI. In this paper we consider how these challenges can be addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs). We exte ..."
Abstract - Cited by 569 (38 self) - Add to MetaCart
Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges for AI. In this paper we consider how these challenges can be addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs). We

Algorithms for Inverse Reinforcement Learning

by Andrew Y. Ng, Stuart Russell - in Proc. 17th International Conf. on Machine Learning , 2000
"... This paper addresses the problem of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) in Markov decision processes, that is, the problem of extracting a reward function given observed, optimal behaviour. IRL may be useful for apprenticeship learning to acquire skilled behaviour, and for ascertaining the re ..."
Abstract - Cited by 314 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper addresses the problem of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) in Markov decision processes, that is, the problem of extracting a reward function given observed, optimal behaviour. IRL may be useful for apprenticeship learning to acquire skilled behaviour, and for ascertaining

Markov games as a framework for multi-agent reinforcement learning

by Michael L. Littman - IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING , 1994
"... In the Markov decision process (MDP) formalization of reinforcement learning, a single adaptive agent interacts with an environment defined by a probabilistic transition function. In this solipsistic view, secondary agents can only be part of the environment and are therefore fixed in their behavior ..."
Abstract - Cited by 601 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
In the Markov decision process (MDP) formalization of reinforcement learning, a single adaptive agent interacts with an environment defined by a probabilistic transition function. In this solipsistic view, secondary agents can only be part of the environment and are therefore fixed

Policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning with function approximation.

by Richard S Sutton , David Mcallester , Satinder Singh , Yishay Mansour - In NIPS, , 1999
"... Abstract Function approximation is essential to reinforcement learning, but the standard approach of approximating a value function and determining a policy from it has so far proven theoretically intractable. In this paper we explore an alternative approach in which the policy is explicitly repres ..."
Abstract - Cited by 439 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract Function approximation is essential to reinforcement learning, but the standard approach of approximating a value function and determining a policy from it has so far proven theoretically intractable. In this paper we explore an alternative approach in which the policy is explicitly
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