Interviewer: what did you do in your last vacation /vəkeɪʃən/ Student: pardon? Interviewer: what did you do in your last vacation /veɪkeɪʃən/ Student: oh, i went to … Interviewer: what did you do in your last vacation /vəkeɪʃən/ Student: pardon? Interviewer: what did you do in your last vacation /veɪkeɪʃən/ Student: oh, i went to … Sometimes, native patterns of speech are not the most intelligible in an international setting.

Beginning phonetics students are taught that American English has two contrasting reduced vowels, transcribed as [´] and [È], illustrated by the unstressed vowels in the minimal pair Rosa’s vs. roses. However little seems to be known about the precise nature or distribution of these vowels

Reduced vowels in monosyllabic function words and also the unstressed syllables of polysyllabic words

Much has been written on the reduction of vowels in unstressed syllables focusing mainly on Indo-European languages, but little has been said about the effects of vowel harmony on vowel reduction. Barnes (2006, 2007) and Crosswhite (2001) describe two types of reduction: prominence reducing

to a set of 1500 tokens, extracted from a database of spontaneous Hebrew speech (30 tokens of each vowel, recorded from five men and five women). Using a similarity measure, we found that vowels were reduced by a factor of 2.09 for men and by 2.93 for women. The reduced vowel space for men was more

Attested and ‘pathological ’ vowel harmony patterns are studied in the context of subclasses of regular functions. The analysis suggests that the computational complexity of phonology can be reduced from regular to weakly deterministic. 1

. Hill et al. 's (2004) findings are challenged by the work of Jacobsen and colleagues Again, our MMN findings may speak to the observation of reduced vowel spaces in CI users. Within underspecification theory, the higher confusability of vowels in CI users-as, for example, found by Löfqvist et al

To study the effects of frequency shifts on vowel identification, a high-quality vocoder (STRAIGHT) was used to process a set of vowels in /hVd / syllables spoken by two adult males, two adult females, and two children. Vowel identification accuracy was reduced when the spectrum envelope

A frequently replicated finding is that higher frequency words tend to be shorter and contain more strongly reduced vowels. However, little is known about potential differences in the articulatory gestures for high vs. low frequency words. The present study made use of electromagnetic

shift, and the reduplicant takes on several prosodic shapes. The main point, however, is that reduplicants are vowel-reduced with respect to the underlying form, not with respect to the base in a reduplicated word. Therefore, base-reduplicant correspondence does not suffice to determine the content