of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document specifies Protocol Independent Multicast- Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). PIM-SM is a multicast routing protocol that can use the underlying unicast routing information base or a separate

-area networks. This poses interesting challenges for routing. Hybrid satellite networks can have both wired and wireless links and also combine different link-layer technologies like Ethernet and ATM. No proposed IP multicast routing protocol for wired networks offers an integrated solution for such networks

Abstract—PIM-SM is the most commonly used IP multicast routing protocol in IPTV systems. Its fault tolerance is examined by experimenting on a mesh topology multicast test network built up by Cisco routers under GNS3. Different fault scenarios are played and different parameters of the PIM

the latex! Estrin, et. al. Experimental [Page 1] RFC 2117 PIM-SM June 1997 Introduction This document describes a protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and inter-domain) internets. We refer to the approach as Protocol Independent Multicast--Sparse Mode (PIM

Traditional multicast routing mechanisms (e.g. DVMRP and MOSPF [1, 2]) were intended for use within regions where groups are widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes

This document describes the details of the PIM-SM [1, 2, 3] version 2 implementation for UNIX platforms; namely SunOS and SGI-IRIX. A generic kernel model is adopted, which is protocol independent, however some supporting functions are added to the kernel for encapsulation of data packets at user

-domain) multicast routing infrastructures. Only Protocol Independent Multicast- Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is analyzed, in its three main operational modes: the traditional Any-Source Multicast (ASM) model, the source-specific multicast (SSM) model, and the ASM model enhanced by the Embedded Rendezvous Point (Embedded

RFC 4601 mandates the use of IPsec to ensure authentication of the link-local messages in the Protocol Independent Multicast- Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) routing protocol. This document specifies mechanisms to authenticate the PIM-SM link-local messages using the IP security (IPsec) Encapsulating Security

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document provides supporting documentation to advance the

is measured in terms of the state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group. Our Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) architecture: (a) maintains the traditional IP multicast service model