countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries on sound energy policy. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28 advanced economies, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency aims to: n Secure member countries ’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies.

The decrease in feature size and added chip functionality in large sub-micron integrated circuits demand larger grids for power distribution. Since power grids are performance limiting factors [1, 2, 3], then their analysis is important in order to (1) predict the performance and (2) improve

The ever-increasing demand of energy has resulted in power grids approaching their limits and blackouts often occur. A blackout is a limited drop out of electrical energy for a particular area; and may occur for numerous reasons, such as a defect at the generating plant, partial damage of a power

Power grids worldwide are undergoing a revolutionary transition as so-called “smart grids” that exploit renewable energy sources are emerging. As such distributed power generation requires networked control, future power systems will become more exposed to cyber attacks. This paper discusses cyber

This paper focuses on line failures in the transmission system of power grids. Recent large-scale power outages demonstrated the limitations of percolation- and epidemic-based tools in modeling failures and cascades in power grids. Hence, we study failures and cascades by using computational tools

Verification of the on-die power grid is a key step in the design of complex high-performance integrated circuits. For the very large grids in modern designs, incremental verification is highly desirable, because it allows one to skip the verification of a certain section of the grid (internal

An electric power grid in general consists of components such as synchronous generators, transmission lines, transformers, loads, active/reactive compensators, switches and relays. The mathematical model of such a

Modern sub-micron VLSI designs include huge power grids that are required to distribute large amounts of current, at increasingly lower voltages. The resulting voltage drop on the grid reduces noise margin and increases gate delay, resulting in a serious performance impact. Checking the integrity

An imperative condition for the functioning of a power-grid network is that its power gener-ators remain synchronized. Disturbances can prompt desynchronization, which is a process that has been involved in large power outages. Here we derive a condition under which the desired synchronous state

Abstract—We propose an application-aware approach to set-ting up secure multicast groups for power grid communica-tions that automatically derives group memberships and verifies configuration conformance from data dependencies in system specifications. We design an abstract multicast model