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Magic Paper: Sketch-Understanding Research

by Randall Davis - 9, 2007, Computer
"... Sketches are hand-drawn informal figures often created as a way of thinking about or working through a problem. Sketch-understanding systems let users interact with computers by drawing naturally, offering a freedom not available with traditional CAD systems. Sketching is ubiquitous: We draw as a wa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 16 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
—they’re either graphite on slices of dead trees, or, if captured on a PDA or tablet computer, simply pixels of digitized ink. The Sketch Understanding Group at MIT has been working toward a kind of “magic paper”—that is, a surface that’s as natural and easy to draw on as paper, yet that understands what you draw

PaperSketch: A Paper-Digital Collaborative Remote Sketching Tool

by Nadir Weibel, Beat Signer, Moira C. Norrie, Hermann Hofstetter, Hans-christian Jetter, Harald Reiterer
"... Pen and paper support the rapid production of sketches. However, the paper interface is not always optimal for col-laborative sketching as seen in brainstorming sessions where multiple parties would often like to communicate and partic-ipate in the sketching synchronously. Novel interactive pa-per s ..."
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Pen and paper support the rapid production of sketches. However, the paper interface is not always optimal for col-laborative sketching as seen in brainstorming sessions where multiple parties would often like to communicate and partic-ipate in the sketching synchronously. Novel interactive pa-per

Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges

by M. Satyanarayanan - IEEE Personal Communications , 2001
"... This paper discusses the challenges in computer systems research posed by the emerging field of pervasive computing. It first examines the relationship of this new field to its predecessors: distributed systems and mobile computing. It then identifies four new research thrusts: effective use of smar ..."
Abstract - Cited by 686 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
of smart spaces, invisibility, localized scalability, and masking uneven conditioning. Next, it sketches a couple of hypothetical pervasive computing scenarios, and uses them to identify key capabilities missing from today's systems. The paper closes with a discussion of the research necessary

SKETCH: An Interface for Sketching 3D Scenes

by Robert C. Zeleznik, Kenneth P. Herndon, John F. Hughes , 1996
"... Sketching communicates ideas rapidly through approximate visual images with low overhead (pencil and paper), no need for precision or specialized knowledge, and ease of low-level correction and revision. In contrast, most 3D computer modeling systems are good at generating arbitrary views of precise ..."
Abstract - Cited by 320 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
Sketching communicates ideas rapidly through approximate visual images with low overhead (pencil and paper), no need for precision or specialized knowledge, and ease of low-level correction and revision. In contrast, most 3D computer modeling systems are good at generating arbitrary views

Evolutionary Computing

by A. E. Eiben , M. Schoenauer , 2005
"... Evolutionary computing (EC) is an exciting development in Computer Science. It amounts to building, applying and studying algorithms based on the Darwinian principles of natural selection. In this paper we briefly introduce the main concepts behind evolutionary computing. We present the main compone ..."
Abstract - Cited by 624 (35 self) - Add to MetaCart
Evolutionary computing (EC) is an exciting development in Computer Science. It amounts to building, applying and studying algorithms based on the Darwinian principles of natural selection. In this paper we briefly introduce the main concepts behind evolutionary computing. We present the main

On the Criteria To Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules

by D. L. Parnas - Communications of the ACM , 1972
"... This paper discusses modularization as a mechanism for improving the flexibility and comprehensibility of a system while allowing the shortening of its development time. The effectiveness of a “modularization ” is dependent upon the criteria used in dividing the system into modules. A system design ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1585 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper discusses modularization as a mechanism for improving the flexibility and comprehensibility of a system while allowing the shortening of its development time. The effectiveness of a “modularization ” is dependent upon the criteria used in dividing the system into modules. A system design

Route Packets, Not Wires: On-Chip Interconnection Networks

by William J. Dally, Brian Towles , 2001
"... Using on-chip interconnection networks in place of ad-hoc global wiring structures the top level wires on a chip and facilitates modular design. With this approach, system modules (processors, memories, peripherals, etc...) communicate by sending packets to one another over the network. The structur ..."
Abstract - Cited by 885 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
. The structured network wiring gives well-controlled electrical parameters that eliminate timing iterations and enable the use of high-performance circuits to reduce latency and increase bandwidth. The area overhead required to implement an on-chip network is modest, we estimate 6.6%. This paper introduces

Multitask Learning,”

by Rich Caruana , Lorien Pratt , Sebastian Thrun , 1997
"... Abstract. Multitask Learning is an approach to inductive transfer that improves generalization by using the domain information contained in the training signals of related tasks as an inductive bias. It does this by learning tasks in parallel while using a shared representation; what is learned for ..."
Abstract - Cited by 677 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
for each task can help other tasks be learned better. This paper reviews prior work on MTL, presents new evidence that MTL in backprop nets discovers task relatedness without the need of supervisory signals, and presents new results for MTL with k-nearest neighbor and kernel regression. In this paper we

The Symbol Grounding Problem

by Stevan Harnad , 1990
"... There has been much discussion recently about the scope and limits of purely symbolic models of the mind and about the proper role of connectionism in cognitive modeling. This paper describes the "symbol grounding problem": How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be m ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1084 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
There has been much discussion recently about the scope and limits of purely symbolic models of the mind and about the proper role of connectionism in cognitive modeling. This paper describes the "symbol grounding problem": How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system

Interactive Sketching for the Early Stages of User Interface Design

by James A. Landay , Brad A. Myers , 1995
"... Current interactive user interface construction tools are often more of a hindrance than a benefit during the early stages of user interface design. These tools take too much time to use and force designers to specify more of the design details than they wish at this early stage. Most interface desi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 266 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
designers, especially those who have a background in graphic design, prefer to sketch early interface ideas on paper or on a whiteboard. We are developing an interactive tool called SILK that allows designers to quickly sketch an interface using an electronic pad and stylus. SILK preserves the important
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