Evolutionary computation is becoming common in the solution of difficult, realworld problems in industry, medicine, and defense. This paper reviews some of the practical advantages to using evolutionary algorithms as compared with classic methods of optimization or artificial intelligence. Specific

Networks of Excellence (NoE) in European Union are specific instrument of the 6th and 7th European Framework Programmes for achieving the long-term goal of integration of research activities in Europe within the concept of European Research Area. Shortly after its launch in Europe in 2003, this new organisational form spread to Russia: in 2006 the pilot virtual community of researchers Network of excellence “Development of interfirm cooperation forms: networks and relationships ” has been launched by several professors of Marketing at the State University- Higher School of Economics. While being truly important for researchers, NoE is a completely new form of research community integration, and it has not yet been an object of a serious study. In this paper we outline a theoretical framework for NoE functioning and the interaction of its members. In case studies of the European NoE called PRIME and the Russian pilot project we investigate in depth the dimensions of design (purposes and evaluation) and implementation (governance mechanisms and evolution paths), and explain the systemic interrelations between the NoEs ’ organisational properties and their development context. We show how European experience can be adapted and exploited for implementing research networks in Russia. The summary and conclusions follow.

A numerical algorithm integrating the 3N Cartesian equations of motion of a system of N points subject to holonomic constraints is formulated. The relations of constraint remain perfectly fulfilled at each step of the trajectory despite the approximate character of numerical integration. The method

numerical properties. Reliable stopping criteria are derived, along with estimates of standard errors for x and the condition number of A. These are used in the FORTRAN implementation of the method, subroutine LSQR. Numerical tests are described comparing I~QR with several other conjugate

and culture play a central role. This has become feasible because the capital required for social production and exchange in the networked information economy is relatively cheap and widely distributed. Much of the book argues the perceived advantages of the networked information economy from a multi

Abstract. We provide a framework for the analysis of a large class of discontinuous methods for second-order elliptic problems. It allows for the understanding and comparison of most of the discontinuous Galerkin methods that have been proposed over the past three decades for the numerical

The model of abstract interpretation of programs developed by Cousot and Cousot [2nd ISOP, 1976], Cousot and Cousot [POPL 1977] and Cousot [PhD thesis 1978] is applied to the static determination of linear equality or inequality invariant relations among numerical variables of programs.

the hyperparameters using the marginal likelihood. We explain the practical advantages of Gaussian Process and end with conclusions and a look at the current trends in GP work. Supervised learning in the form of regression (for continuous outputs) and classification (for discrete outputs) is an important constituent

Social scientists rarely take full advantage of the information available in their statistical results. As a consequence, they miss opportunities to present quantities that are of greatest substantive interest for their research and express the appropriate degree of certainty about these quantities

as a generalization of Paige and Saunders’ MINRES algorithm and is theoretically equivalent to the Generalized Conjugate Residual (GCR) method and to ORTHODIR. The new algorithm presents several advantages over GCR and ORTHODIR.