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Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability, part 1: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology

by Mark New, Mike Hulme, Phil Jones - Journal of Climate , 1999
"... The construction of a 0.58 lat 3 0.58 long surface climatology of global land areas, excluding Antarctica, is described. The climatology represents the period 1961–90 and comprises a suite of nine variables: precipitation, wet-day frequency, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, vapor pressur ..."
Abstract - Cited by 581 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
The construction of a 0.58 lat 3 0.58 long surface climatology of global land areas, excluding Antarctica, is described. The climatology represents the period 1961–90 and comprises a suite of nine variables: precipitation, wet-day frequency, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, vapor

Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new dataset from 1850

by P. Brohan, J. J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S. F. B. Tett, P. D. Jones - J. Geophys , 2006
"... The historical surface temperature dataset HadCRUT provides a record of surface temperature trends and variability since 1850. A new version of this dataset, HadCRUT3, has been produced; benefiting from recent improvements to the sea-surface temperature dataset which forms its marine component, and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 382 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
The historical surface temperature dataset HadCRUT provides a record of surface temperature trends and variability since 1850. A new version of this dataset, HadCRUT3, has been produced; benefiting from recent improvements to the sea-surface temperature dataset which forms its marine component

Spacetime Constraints

by Andrew Witkin, Michael Klass - Computer Graphics , 1988
"... Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy," or &quo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 378 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy

i-LAND: An interactive Landscape for Creativity and Innovation

by Norbert A. Streitz, Jörg Geißler, Torsten Holmer, Shin'ichi Konomi, Christian Müller-Tomfelde, Wolfgang Reischl, Petra Rexroth, Peter Seitz, Ralf Steinmetz - CHI'99 , 1999
"... We describe the i-LAND environment which constitutes an example of our vision of the workspaces of the future, in this case supporting cooperative work of dynamic teams with changing needs. i-LAND requires and provides new forms of human-computer interaction and new forms of computer-supported coope ..."
Abstract - Cited by 326 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
We describe the i-LAND environment which constitutes an example of our vision of the workspaces of the future, in this case supporting cooperative work of dynamic teams with changing needs. i-LAND requires and provides new forms of human-computer interaction and new forms of computer

Second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum, 6S: An Overview

by Eric F. Vermote, Didier Tanre, Jean Luc Deuzé, Maurice Herman, Jean-jacques Morcrette , 1997
"... Remote sensing from satellite or airborne platforms of land or sea surfaces in the visible and near infrared is strongly affected by the presence of the atmosphere along the path from Sun to Target (surface) to Sensor. This paper presents 6S (Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar S ..."
Abstract - Cited by 284 (17 self) - Add to MetaCart
Remote sensing from satellite or airborne platforms of land or sea surfaces in the visible and near infrared is strongly affected by the presence of the atmosphere along the path from Sun to Target (surface) to Sensor. This paper presents 6S (Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar

Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change‖, Science 319:1238–40

by Timothy Searchinger, Ralph Heimlich, R. A. Houghton, Fengxia Dong, Amani Elobeid, Jacinto Fabiosa, Simla Tokgoz, Dermot Hayes, Tun-hsiang Yu - Sustainable fuels from Algae, Presentation to Committee on the Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels, National Research Council, June 13, 2011, Washington D.C , 2008
"... Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert fore ..."
Abstract - Cited by 235 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. Using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land use change, we found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20 % savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years

Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results,

by M A Friedl , D K Mciver , J C F Hodges , X Y Zhang , D Muchoney , A H Strahler , C E Woodcock , S Gopal , A Schneider , A Cooper , A Baccini , F Gao , C Schaaf - Remote Sensing of Environment, , 2002
"... Abstract Until recently, advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) observations were the only viable source of data for global land cover mapping. While many useful insights have been gained from analyses based on AVHRR data, the availability of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ..."
Abstract - Cited by 212 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
(MODIS) data with greatly improved spectral, spatial, geometric, and radiometric attributes provides significant new opportunities and challenges for remote sensing-based land cover mapping research. In this paper, we describe the algorithms and databases being used to produce the MODIS global land cover

Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review

by Dawn C. Parker, Steven M. Manson, Marco A. Janssen, Matthew J. Hoffmann, Peter Deadman - Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 2003
"... This paper presents an overview of multi-agent system models of land-use/cover change (MAS/LUCC models). This special class of LUCC models combines a cellular landscape model with agent-based representations of decisionmaking, integrating the two components through specification of interdependencies ..."
Abstract - Cited by 191 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper presents an overview of multi-agent system models of land-use/cover change (MAS/LUCC models). This special class of LUCC models combines a cellular landscape model with agent-based representations of decisionmaking, integrating the two components through specification

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,

by V Ramanathan , G Carmichael - Nat. Geosci., , 2008
"... Figure 1: Global distribution of BC sources and radiative forcing. a, BC emission strength in tons per year from a study by Bond et al. Full size image (42 KB) Review Nature Geoscience 1, 221 -227 (2008 Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Ant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 228 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
forcing at the TOA and the larger negative forcing at the surface. We can not resort to observed rainfall trends to infer the net anthropogenic effect on global rainfall as long-term rainfall measurements are only available for land regions. Regional climate effects We have just begun to comprehend

2004: The Community Climate System Model, version 2

by Peter R. Gent, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Leo J. Donner, Marika M. Holland, Elizabeth C. Hunke, Steve R. Jayne, David M. Lawrence, Richard B. Neale, Philip J. Rasch, Mariana Vertenstein, Patrick H. Worley - J. Climate
"... The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently completed and re-leased to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all CCSM components, and docu-ments fully coupled preindustrial control runs compared to the previous version, CCSM3. Using the standar ..."
Abstract - Cited by 217 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
the standard atmosphere and land resolution of 18 results in the sea surface temperature biases in the major upwelling regions being comparable to the 1.48-resolution CCSM3. Two changes to the deep convection scheme in the atmosphere component result in CCSM4 producing El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability
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