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Formal Methods: State of the Art and Future Directions

by Edmund M. Clarke, Jeannette M. Wing - ACM Computing Surveys , 1996
"... ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Permissions may be requested from Publications Dept, ACM Inc., 1515 Broadway, New York, N ..."
Abstract - Cited by 425 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
, formal methods, hardware verification Additional Key Words and Phrases: Software specification, model checking, theorem proving 1. INTRODUCTION Hardware and software systems will inevitably grow in scale and functionality. Because of this increase in complexity, the likelihood of subtle errors is much

Introduction to an Alternative History of Money by

by L. Randall Wray , 2012
"... ..."
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On Introduction of Sound Money

by Volodymyr Vysochansky , 2012
"... ..."
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Private Money

by Stephen D. Williamson - Journal of Money, Credit and Banking , 1999
"... A random matching environment is constructed where banks mitigate a mismatch between the timing of investment payo¤s and when agents wish to consume. Claims on banks may serve as media of exchange, i.e. private money. Two problems can emerge with private money. First, there may exist welfaredominate ..."
Abstract - Cited by 23 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
welfaredominated equilibria where banks hold low-return assets. Second, private media of exchange may be subject to lemons problems. In spite of these problems, the introduction of …at money can decrease welfare, as this displaces private money and results in a crowding out of productive intermediation. This paper

Introduction and the Threat Posed by Money Laundering

by Celina B. Realuyo, Roger W. Wallace, Felipe Calderón, President Mexico , 2012
"... Mexico and the United States by promoting original research, encouraging public discussion, and ..."
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Mexico and the United States by promoting original research, encouraging public discussion, and

Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward,

by Wolfram Schultz - Annu. Rev. Psychol. , 2006
"... ■ Abstract The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can ..."
Abstract - Cited by 187 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
, contingency, prediction error, magnitude, probability, expected value, and variance. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 GENERAL IDEAS ON REWARD FUNCTION, AND A CALL FOR THEORY

Introduction: Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets - Puzzles and Policy Perspectives

by Karla Hoff, Avishay Braverman, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Karla Hoff, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Nakhon Rachasima - World Bank Economic Review , 1990
"... RURAL CREDIT MARKETS have been at the center of policy intervention in developing countries over the past forty years. Many governments, sup-ported by multilateral and bilateral aid agencies, have devoted considerable resources to supplying cheap credit to farmers in a myriad of institutional settin ..."
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credit market in developing countries. In the formal credit market, institutions provide intermediation between depositors (or the government) and lenders and charge relatively low rates of interest that usually are government-subsidized. In informal credit markets, money is lent by private individuals

Two Illustrations of the Quantity Theory of Money

by Robert E Lucas , J R - American Economic Re¤iew , 1980
"... This paper presents empirical illustrations of two central implications of the quantity theory of money: that a given change in the rate of change in the quantity of money induces (i) an equal change in the rate of price inflation; and (ii) an equal change in nominal rates of interest. The illustra ..."
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This paper presents empirical illustrations of two central implications of the quantity theory of money: that a given change in the rate of change in the quantity of money induces (i) an equal change in the rate of price inflation; and (ii) an equal change in nominal rates of interest

Results from a Dozen Years of Election Futures Markets Research

by Joyce Berg, Robert Forsythe, Forrest Nelson, Thomas Rietz , 2001
"... Introduction and description of election futures markets The Iowa Electronic Markets are small-scale, real-money futures markets conducted by the University of Iowa College of Business. In this review we focus on the best known of these markets, The Iowa Political Markets. Contracts in these ma ..."
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Introduction and description of election futures markets The Iowa Electronic Markets are small-scale, real-money futures markets conducted by the University of Iowa College of Business. In this review we focus on the best known of these markets, The Iowa Political Markets. Contracts

The Two-Money Theorem

by Narayana Kocherlakota , 1999
"... In this paper, I consider environments in which all shocks have finite support and any transfer of resources is ex-post voluntary. Let a be an allocation which is achievable when potential trading partners know each others' histories. The one-money theorem says that a is achievable using only o ..."
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one money if that money is divisible and moneyholdings are observable. The two-money theorem says that a is achievable using two divisible monies, even if moneyholdings are concealable. 1. Introduction In this paper, I state and prove what I call the one-money and two-money theorems. Both theorems
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