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many individual DNA molecules

by George Church, Robi D. Mitra, George M. Church , 1999
"... We describe a method to clone and amplify DNA by performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a thin polyacrylamide film poured on a glass micro-scope slide. The polyacrylamide matrix retards the diffusion of the linear DNA molecules so that the amplification products remain localized near thei ..."
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their respective templates. At the end of the reaction, a number of PCR colonies, or ‘polonies’, have formed, each one grown from a single template molecule. As many as 5 million clones can be amplified in parallel on a single slide. If an Acrydite modification is included at the 5 ′ end of one of the primers

From Few to many: Illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose

by Athinodoros S. Georghiades, Peter N. Belhumeur, David J. Kriegman - IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 2001
"... We present a generative appearance-based method for recognizing human faces under variation in lighting and viewpoint. Our method exploits the fact that the set of images of an object in fixed pose, but under all possible illumination conditions, is a convex cone in the space of images. Using a smal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 754 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
illumination cone (based on Euclidean distance within the image space). We test our face recognition method on 4050 images from the Yale Face Database B; these images contain 405 viewing conditions (9 poses ¢ 45 illumination conditions) for 10 individuals. The method performs almost without error, except

The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance

by K. Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th. Krampe, Clemens Tesch-romer - Psychological Review , 1993
"... The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result of individuals ' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen of ef ..."
Abstract - Cited by 690 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
of effortful activities (deliberate practice) designed to optimize improvement. Individual differences, even among elite performers, are closely related to assessed amounts of deliberate practice. Many characteristics once believed to reflect innate talent are actually the result of intense practice extended

Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation

by Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kitayama - Psychological Review , 1991
"... People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures have ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1832 (35 self) - Add to MetaCart
People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures

Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?

by Joshua D. Angrist, Alan B. Krueger , 1990
"... This paper presents evidence showing that individuals' season of birth is related to their educational attainment because of the combined effects of school start age policy and compulsory school attendance laws. In most school districts, individuals born in the beginning of the year start sc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 662 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
schoo at a slightly older age, and therefore are eligible to drop out of school after completing fewer years of schooling than individuals born near the end of the year. Our estimates suggest that as many as 25 percent of potential dropouts remain in school because of compulsory schooling laws. We

Epidemic Spreading in Scale-Free Networks

by Romualdo Pastor-satorras, Alessandro Vespignani , 2000
"... The Internet, as well as many other networks, has a very complex connectivity recently modeled by the class of scale-free networks. This feature, which appears to be very efficient for a communications network, favors at the same time the spreading of computer viruses. We analyze real data from c ..."
Abstract - Cited by 575 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
The Internet, as well as many other networks, has a very complex connectivity recently modeled by the class of scale-free networks. This feature, which appears to be very efficient for a communications network, favors at the same time the spreading of computer viruses. We analyze real data from

A comparison of bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction from population genotype data.

by Matthew Stephens , Peter Donnelly , Dr Matthew Stephens - Am J Hum Genet , 2003
"... In this report, we compare and contrast three previously published Bayesian methods for inferring haplotypes from genotype data in a population sample. We review the methods, emphasizing the differences between them in terms of both the models ("priors") they use and the computational str ..."
Abstract - Cited by 557 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
, which combinations of alleles are present on each of the two chromosomes). Knowledge of the haplotypes carried by sampled individuals would be helpful in many settings, including linkage-disequilibrium mapping and inference of population evolutionary history, essentially because genetic inheritance

A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms.

by Daniel Scharstein , Richard Szeliski - In IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision, , 2001
"... Abstract Stereo matching is one of the most active research areas in computer vision. While a large number of algorithms for stereo correspondence have been developed, relatively little work has been done on characterizing their performance. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of dense, two-frame ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1546 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
-frame stereo methods. Our taxonomy is designed to assess the different components and design decisions made in individual stereo algorithms. Using this taxonomy, we compare existing stereo methods and present experiments evaluating the performance of many different variants. In order to establish a common

Ariadne: a secure on-demand routing protocol for ad hoc networks," in

by Yih-Chun Hu , Adrian Perrig , David B Johnson - Proc. 8th ACM International Conf. Mobile Computing Networking , , 2002
"... Abstract An ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile computers (or nodes), in which individual nodes cooperate by forwarding packets for each other to allow nodes to communicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Prior research in ad hoc networking has generally studied the routing prob ..."
Abstract - Cited by 925 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract An ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile computers (or nodes), in which individual nodes cooperate by forwarding packets for each other to allow nodes to communicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Prior research in ad hoc networking has generally studied the routing

A Language Modeling Approach to Information Retrieval

by Jay M. Ponte, W. Bruce Croft , 1998
"... Models of document indexing and document retrieval have been extensively studied. The integration of these two classes of models has been the goal of several researchers but it is a very difficult problem. We argue that much of the reason for this is the lack of an adequate indexing model. This sugg ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1154 (42 self) - Add to MetaCart
an approach to retrieval based on probabilistic language modeling. We estimate models for each document individually. Our approach to modeling is non-parametric and integrates document indexing and document retrieval into a single model. One advantage of our approach is that collection statistics which
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